8PHINGID.E OF PERU. 103 



obscured by its soft and humid character. The pupa, which is formed in a large 

 subterranean cavity, is extremely delicate and often dies unaccountably, drying up 

 or becoming soft and putrid. 



Ova. — Singly on under side of leaves of Jussieua ancjustifolia. 



Larva. — First instar (no figure). Greenish white with long flexible tail of same 

 colour springing from a base of cadmium-yellow. In twenty-four hours this tail, 

 exceeding the entire length of the young caterpillar, becomes black and glossy, and is 

 seen to terminate strangely in a heavy bilobed fashion, the lens revealing a further 

 addition of two short black bristles. This tail is waved freely by the larva, bent to 

 and fro over its body and often also sideways. The body also supports a few scattered 

 short bristles, which are longest and most pronounced on the anal flap. At this stage 

 the ochre-coloured head is altogether disproportionate, being by far the largest 

 segment. 



Second instar (figs, a, b). Head normal in size. Tail much reduced and less active ; 

 it is slightly curved forwards, held erect, and shares the crimson colour of the medio- 

 dorsal stripe, which at this stage appears constant. Two ground-colours now prevail, 

 viz. : (a) the light yellow-green of the young leaf, with many dull red touches aiding 

 its resemblance to the plant ; and (t)) the exact crimson of the stalk of its food-plant, 

 with eight oblique light stripes directed headwards, and outlined above with black. 



Third instar (tig. c). Generally the most intense crimson, with eight oblique stripes 

 in paler colour, edged above with black (very slight touches on segment 5), and 

 continued faintly on the dorsal area of each anterior segment. The tail is now 

 replaced by a pyramidal hump, the leg-segments are heavily sprinkled with minute 

 black dots, and the head with segments 2 and 3 are retractile, segment 4 being 

 somewhat swollen to receive them when at rest. The swelling in this species, however, 

 is much less noticeable than in F. v. vitis, and seldom, if ever, is the head completely 

 withdrawn. 



Fourth instar (figs. d-h). Pyramidal hump reduced. Five forms noted. Fig. d : 

 ochreous green, oblique stripes pure ochre, with faint red adornment, head and plate 

 deep ochre, and leg-segments finely sprinkled with black dots. This form resembles a 

 fading leaf and is rare. Fig. e : bold emerald-green, in which the medio-dorsal stripe 

 is faint blue-green, and only the point of the hump crimson. In this instance the 

 eight oblique stripes assume the form of short broad bands of colour clearly depicted 

 on the sides of each segment ; they are creamy, supported beneath by crimson, and 

 outlined darkly above. Small black dots again mark the leg-segments and the first 

 half of segment 5. Fig./': a two-coloured form in which the dorsal area is pale 

 emerald, deepening to the oblique stripes, which are here white, underlined by crimson. 

 Head and legs deep ochre. The entire remainder a dull pink. Fig. g : strong apple- 

 green with narrow oblique stripes, which are whitish, sublined by crimson, and 

 continued on the dorsal area of each anterior segment by a faint line of yellow. The 



