598 MESSES. E. HEEON-ALLEN AND A. EABLAND OX THE 



identification which is supported by the fact that Klein himself associated his 

 specimens witli the figures of " Cornu hammonis erectwn, vulgare, striatum, siliquam 

 raphanistrum perfectisshne referens " of the earlier author Plancus *, which are 

 unquestionably Nodosaria raflianus (Linne) (text-fig. 43, 1), and were actually identified 

 with H. raphanus by Gmelin himself in another place. Spengler's figure, on the other 

 hand (text-fig. 44, K), represents a very elongate Peneroplis of the type oi Nautilus acicu- 

 laris (text-fig. 43, F, Batsch fig. 16a), and is, in fact, the earliest figure of that elongate 

 type with a small spiroline commencement. The same elongate type was subsequently 

 figured by Lamarck [ut supra) as Spirolinites cylindracea in 1804 and 1823 (text- 

 fig. 43, E), and in 1826 was renamed by d'Orbigny Spirolina fedum'\, and figured by 

 him in the " Planches inedites," in Paris. Tjqiical specimens are preserved in 

 d'Orbigny's collections, which we have studied both in Paris and at La Eochelle. 

 The spiral portion, though very small, is distinctly shown in Spengler's figure 

 (text-fig. 44, K), who, however, referred his form to Klein's figure (text-fig. 43, H), 

 expressing the opinion that his own specimens were perfect, and that Klein's 

 were damaged specimens which had lost their initial spiral portion, or Avhich were so 

 imbedded in the " hard sandstone " material in which they were found as to have that 

 portion hidden from view. It was this observation of Spengler's that led Gmelin into 

 the confusion found [ut supra) in his edition of the ' Systema Naturae.' 



Further confusion has been introduced by Blainville and d'Orbigny. Blainville's 

 figure i (text-fig. 44, L) and d'Orbigny's Modele no. 24 of Spirolina {sic in 1811) 

 cylindracea Lamarck (text-fig. 44, M) both represent the shorter and stouter form shown 

 in Batsch's fig. 15/' (text-fig. 42, C), which, for reasons given above, we identify with 

 P. arietinus proper. The elongate form of Spirolinites [sic in 1804) cylindracea 

 Lamarck, which is in all respects identical with Nautilus acicularis Batsch §, Spirolina 

 pedum d'Orbigny, Spirolina longissima Costa j], and Penerop)lis lauhii Karrer ^, is very 

 rare, and though in the analysis which follows we have separated very elongate forms 

 of P. arietinus under the name P. cylindraceus (Lamarck), we have not found at 

 Kerimba, and but very rarely elsewhere, the ultra-elongate and minutely spiroline 

 form in its typical aspect, such as are preserved in the d'Orbigny collections at Paris - 

 and La Rochelle. 



It will thus be seen that the real confusion arises from the fact that both the thin 

 elongate, and the stout forms have been indiscriminately figured as P. [Spirolinites) 

 cylindraceus (Lamarck), whereas the elongate form is the Spengler (text-fig. 44, K) and 

 Batsch (fig. 16, text-fig. 43, F) type, whilst the stout form is the typical and direct 



* Janus Plancus, ' De conchis minus notis ' (Venice, 1738), p. 15, pi. i. fig. 6, e, g. 



t d'O. 1826, TMC. p. 287, no. 5. For a tracing of d'Orbigny's original sketch for his " Planche inc'dite " 

 see F. 1904, SOF. pi. ii. figs. 4, 5. 



X H. M. D. do Blainville, ' Manuel de Malacologie ' (Paris, 1825), p. 382, and Plates (1827), pi. v. tig. 1. 

 § B. 1791, fig. 16 a. II C. 1853, etc., PEN. 1856, p. 225, pi. sx. fig. 11. 



1 E. 1868, MFKB. pi. iii. fig. 8. 



