28 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



shells, which are at the first more mixed with sand and overgrown with 

 grass, are here quite bare on the surface, which adds a fresher appear- 

 ance. I looked for graves, employing the methods suggested in my 

 southern tour, but all failed ; and as even the house-sites yielded no 

 skeletons I was inclined to believe that no graves exist here, where, by 

 the signs, dwellings had existed only for a short time. At the mouth of 

 the creek which supplies the small scattered town of Port Orford with 

 water, is seen a moderately large shell-mound, partially washed away by 

 the waters of the creek and the ocean as well, while back of the bluif, 

 where the ground gently descends, several buildings and a garden 

 cover the site of the deserted Indian town, thus making an exploration 

 of the place impracticable. 



During our reconnaissance, the Indians still dwelling in several places 

 northward from here, and many others, well armed with rifles, who 

 were passing on hunting excursions, watched our proceedings rather 

 suspiciously, but made themselves welcome in our camp, and enjoyed our 

 somewhat aboriginal dinners with much gusto. The meeting with In- 

 dians is not ijleasaut to an explorer of their forefathers' deserted 

 hearths, as their friendly feeling is easily disturbed, and their super- 

 stitions alarmed by researches among the remains and graves of their 

 ancestors ; for this reason we did not visit Elk Eiver, Sixes River, and 

 other localities north of Port Orford, where Indians still live. 



Our animals had in the mean time arrived, and after experiencing the 

 first rain of the winter season, we started, on October 6, upon our way 

 to Eogue Eiver. 



About 10 miles south of Port Orford, in the neighborhood of the 

 rocks called " Three Sisters'^, on the bank of a creek, and close to the 

 abrupt shore, we find the kjokkenmoddings of a former people located on 

 a small flat — now covered with an orchard — bordered by the creek, and 

 toward the sea by the ascending shore, the close proximity of which is 

 only revealed by the roaring of the ocean, while an open view is had back 

 in the valley. This station, I think, was the northernmost rancheria 

 of the Yu-lcwdcM, while another one is found at Mussel Creek, about 5 

 miles farther south, and the largest of all at Tukwa Creek (which 

 stream is now usually termed Euchre Creek, being a more familiar ex- 

 pression to the Oregonians of the i^resent day). All these places are 

 now under cultivation and partially occupied by building, whereby the 

 signs, save the kitchen-refuse of the former inhabitants, became obliter- 

 ated and covered. From Tukwa Creek, the trail trends back from the 

 coast, and we could not observe the smaller settlements said to exist 

 between here and Eogue Eiver. A thick fog was also a strong impedi- 

 ment to our observations during the entire trip from Port Orford to 

 Eogue Eiver. 



Arriving at Eogue Eiver, we went into camp below the ferry, located 

 at the place where the main rancheria of the Tu4u4o-ni once existed 

 (Map 2) [Plate 3J, about five miles from the mouth, and on the right or 



