SCHUMACHER ON KJOKKENMODDINGS OF CALIFORNIA. 43 



collection sent to the Smithsonian, and will describe the manufacture 

 of the fish-hooks.* The figures d to h [Plate 22] represent the shell- 

 flakes usually of the red-back abiloue, as found in its difi'erent stages of 

 finish, while i and k show finished hooks. The pieces were broken from 

 the Haliotis shell in coarse flakes, d ; then perforated like e with the flint- 

 point I; the hole rounded, as show^n in/, by the double-pointed borer of 

 coarse, hard sandstone m; then its rim worked into the shape g, for 

 which any flat sandstone may have been employed. This done, the 

 knife-like whetstone n was required to work out the part shaded in li. 

 With some additional touches, the hook i was finished, and fastened for use 

 to a line, as shown in h. I have purposely illustrated in A; a beautiful 

 hook of bone, because remarkable for its barb projecting, contrary to the 

 modern style, from the outside of the curve of the hook. The shank of 

 this rare hook showed still a part of the line, attached in the manner a» 

 shown, thickly coated and preserved by asphaltum. [These figures are 

 all on Plate 22.] 



While the excavation was being prosecuted by experienced and care- 

 ful workmen, I searched the neighborhood, and discovered at the point 

 of the cove, which lies about three-fourths of a mile almost due south from 

 the buryiug-place, unusual signs of a former settlement, and the head- 

 stones of the graves, consisting of huge whale-bones, nearly covered up 

 by a luxuriant growth of cactus, so omnipresent on this island. The 

 slope of the extreme point, which ends abruptly in a high bluff, with 

 detached rocks washed by the sea, was leveled for the better erection 

 of the few houses. Cobble-stones had been planted in a row as an em- 

 bankment, and the space filled uj) with earth removed from the elevated 

 portion back of it. This afforded room for a few bouses, whose former 

 existence was still plainly indicated by the several depressions. In the 

 graves at the point, a wooden sword of a Eoman pattern was found, 

 having its hilt richly inlaid with shells, but in such a decayed condition, 

 tliat it had to be thickly coated with varnish for i)reservation, whereby 

 the brilliancy of color of the shells and the good appearance in general 

 were much injured. Anything made of shells will part in flakes as soon 

 as exposed to dry atmosphere, and is therefore easily lost, or at least 

 disfigured. The two grave-yards at Smuggler's Cove yielded about 200 

 corpses and several boxes of implements. 



Our last camp pitched on this island was at Forney's Cove (Map 8) [Plate- 

 15]. Before examining this place, I entertained the hope of a rich har- 

 vest, as the shell-deposits are abundant here, and glisten on almost every 

 eminence along the slopes, and even on the tops of the main ridge. The 

 reef that extends from the outer end of the cove to a rock island, the 

 singular formation of the point with its subterranean passages washed 

 bj- the sea, and the rocky surroundings on all sides, with its masses of 

 kelp and sea-weed, make this the best portion of the island as to the 



*I have giveu a fall illustrated description of the manufacture offish-hooks in the 

 "Archiv fiir Anthropologic", vol. viii, page 223 seq. 



