SCHUMACHER ON KJOKKENMODDINGS OF CALIFORNIA. 51 



authentic ; but to this sort of promises I was treated on the two islands 

 mentioned. My time and, what was more important, the amount ap- 

 propriated for this work had to be taken in consideration, as well as my 

 great desire to get all I could discover. 



East of Santa Cruz, with a channel of 4 J miles between, lies the bold 

 and rocky island of Anacapa, parted in three by narrow passages. I 

 passed this island from all sides, but could not discover any shell- 

 deposits. It seems quite probable that there are none, as their exists 

 no water on this island. 



Proceeding 38 miles southeast, we reach Santa Barbara, the small- 

 est island of the group. It has but 2 miles shore-line, is smooth- 

 topped, and about 500 feet high. A small shell-mound is found on this 

 island, with some fragments of pestles and mortars. There is no water, 

 and it seems to have served as a way station between some of the 

 islands and Santa Catalina. 



Thirty-five miles southeast from Santa Barbara, or abont 20 miles due 

 south from Santa Catalina, lies the island of San Clemeite, one of those 

 discovered by Cabrillo. It is a large island, measuring about 20 miles 

 in length and 2 in width. The southeast end is high, bold, and rocky, 

 and slopes toward the northwest terminus, which is covered with high 

 dunes for many miles. I was informed by a gentleman of the United 

 States Coast Survey of the existence of large shell-mounds on this 

 island, especially of one located on the high dune, of great circumfer- 

 ence. A whaler, who usually spends the mouths of May, June, and 

 July on Clemente to kill sea-lions, told me of natural basins, worn in 

 rock on the high plateau at the southeast end, in which rain-water of 

 the winter is stored, the only water on the island. Although this nat- 

 ural reservoir may have been very convenient for the aborigines, it is 

 well for tbe visitors to bring a water-supply from abroad, as it is no small 

 task to reach the water here, and, indeed, on most of the islands. With 

 the exception of Santa Rosa, Santa Cruz, and Santa Catalina, no island 

 should be visited without bringing a supply of water. Even on San 

 Miguel, although within easy reach, the vrater is distasteful. So, also, 

 on San Nicolas, where a lauding on the northeast side, near the house 

 and spring, is not always practicable. 



Finally, I will say a few words as to the age of the deserted settle- 

 ments on these islands. According to the records, the southwestern 

 islands were inhabited at the time of the discovery, but not the north- 

 western group. The appearance of the kjokkenmoddiugs, which I was 

 enabled to compare with such remains occurring on the Pacific coast for 

 a distance of a thousand miles, impresses me as not dating far back by 

 the absence of that ash-like appearance which is due to the effects of 

 time ; and when I examined the shell-mound of Santa Catalina, corre- 

 sponding to the very settlement which Viscaino mentions, I considered 

 it slightly older than those investigated on Santa Cruz and San Miguel. 

 I venture, therefore, to say that the islands in the Santa Barbara Chan 



