52 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



nel were peopled iu the sixteenth and seventeenth centuries by immi- 

 gration of Indians from the neighboring continent, whose habits in 

 building their towns, implements, weapons, and ornaments they re- 

 tained, keeping up a close intercourse with the mainlanders. The de- 

 population of the islands certainly occurred about forty years ago, and 

 is still well remembered by some people living on the adjacent mainland. 

 The jyadres, about that time, took the Indians from Santa Cruz, Santa 

 Eosa, San Miguel, Santa Catalina, and probably San Clemente ; while 

 Captain Isaac Williams, in the year 1836, then collector of the port of 

 San Pedro, took the Indians from San i^icolas for the same end, viz, 

 their subjection under the missions,* 



We left Catalina Island on July 6, and anchored in Santa Barbara 

 Bay on the 10th, having been detained by calm weather, which often 

 prevails in the channel in this season. At Santa Barbara, I again met 

 Dr. Yarrow and the other members of Wheeler's scientific corps, who 

 told me of their great success at the place called Dos Pueblos. As their 

 excavations had not been finished, and i3romised still great returns, I 

 communicated the fact, and was requested to do some work there. 



Dos Pueblos (Map 12) [Plate 18], on La Patera rancho, is said to be 18 

 miles distant from Santa Barbara by the northern coast-road, and, ac- 

 cording to the United States Coast Survey map, 16 miles in a straight line. 

 Here existed once two towns, or pueblos, which originated the name of this 

 place. One town was very prominently located on the mesa-land , on the 

 right side of the stream, near the shore; the other one, below, on the slop- 

 ing left bank of the same creek. It is said that the creek had been the 

 boundary-line between two tribes, distinct in language as well as in cus- 

 toms. There is also a speculation that this was the place seen by 

 Cabrillo, and mentioned as easas grandes. However, we found this place 

 remarkable for its kjokkenmoddiugs, the appearance of its town-site, 

 its old worn trail along the face of the bluff, and, above all, its location, 

 which comprises the cardinal features of a well-located aboriginal coast 

 settlement, overlooking the wide ocean spread before it, with its offer- 

 ings offish and mollusks, water near at hand, a fine game country back 

 of it, and a sandy soil easy to work with the primitive tools of these 

 people. The yield of the cemetery was extremely rich in all kinds of 

 implements, although a good part of it had already been worked out by 

 my predecessor. It was observed that some parts of the grave-yard 

 returned the more valuable relics, like utensils of steatite, spear points, 



'In 1811, a ship commanded by Captaia Whittemore, belonging to Boardman & 

 Pope, a Boston firm engaged in the fur-trade, brought down from Sitka thirty Kodiak 

 Indians for the purpose of hunting otters on San Nicolas Island, and left them there for 

 two years. A feud arose among the old settlers and the new-comers, which, it is said, 

 caused the extirpation of the male islanders at the hands of the well-armed Kodiaks' 

 When, in 1836, the last Indians were taken from San Nicolas by Captain Williams, a 

 woman was accidentally left, and twelve years afterward discovered by Captain Ned- 

 ever, giving rise to many newspaper accounts. 



