60 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



pleasant days a trip over the reservation shows most of them, both men 

 and women, busy in some way. They still hunt some, and fish more } 

 but the majority of them do not follow these occupations as the prin- 

 cipal means of support. 



Moralideas. — Formerly quite low, in regard to theft, lying, murder, 

 and chastity, but of late years they have been elevated very much. 

 Formerly they would say it was wrong to steal; but if not found out 

 it was all right. JSTow, both among Indians and whites, there are very 

 few who accuse any of them of stealing. Lying is much more common. 

 Murder of late years has been almost unknown on the reservation. In 

 regard to chastity, they have improved very much, though there is 

 still room for improvement. 



Emotions and passions. — Generally strong ; sometimes lasting and 



sometimes not. 



D. — Tribal phenomena. 



Name. — Twana, spelled in the treaty between the tribe and the United 

 States, made at Point-no-Point January 26, 1855, Too-an-hooch ; but I 

 much prefer Twana as being simpler and the one most in use here. 



Their own account of their origin and relationships. — God made them 

 soon after he made the world, and he placed them here, as they think 

 he did the different tribes and peoples in the diiferent countries. They 

 believe in dilferent centres of creation for themselves and all other tribes 

 and peoples. God made them at first man and woman. 



History of their increase, migrations., growth., and decay. — There is no 

 reliable information about their increase, growth, or any migrations. 

 Twenty years ago, when the treaty was made with them, they numbered 

 about twice as many as they do now, although for the past four years 

 their births have equaled or exceeded their deaths. According to the 

 record of the physician, the deaths for two years previous to July 1,. 

 1875, have been only sixteen. It has been impossible to keep any 

 record of the births. As far back as there is any reliable information, 

 they have always lived in this region. They have a tradition that at 

 the time of the flood, which was only a few generations ago, one great 

 mountain, Mount Olympus, was not wholly submerged, and that on it 

 the good Indians were saved ; that as the flood subsided a number of 

 canoes with those in them broke from their fastenings on the mountain, 

 and were carried away to the east and north, which accounts for there 

 being but few people left here now. 



Population, male, female,' children, and causes affecting. — January, 

 1875, men, 80 ; women, 95 ; boys, 50 ; girls, 39 ; total 264. Till within 

 about five years, they have been decreasing, owing chiefly to syphilitic 

 diseases,, 



Invention, conservatism, and progress. — But little invention. Are gen- 

 erally more than medium about progress. Improving very much in 

 dress, houses, names, food, and habits of industry, though but slowly 



