64 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



gardens. The men hunt and do most of the fishing ; the women get a 

 large share of the clams, mussels, berries, and roots ,and do the cooking. 



A7nount eaten and frequency of eating. — They generally eat three times 

 a day, and about the same amount as white people. Formerly they 

 were very irregular, eating a large amount at times, and very often, and 

 again very little for a long time. 



Eating customs and rites. — Many of them have tables, chairs, and 

 stools, plates, bowls, knives and forks, and eat in the American way. 

 Sometimes they cook in a large pot, and a number sit around it and take 

 out what they wish with spoons, knives, and their fingers. At feasts 

 where there are a very large number present they spread mats upon the 

 ground, in the open air or in a large house, place the food upon them, 

 and sit on the ground around them while eating. 



B. — Drinks. 



Methods of preparing decoctions and intoxicating drinJcs; occasions for 

 iheir use., and their effects. — They make no intoxicating drinks. They 

 sometimes get them of white people, drink secretly, and the efi'ect is 

 very bad — physically, pecuniarily, mentally, and morally. 



There is a temperance society among them, and about one hundred 

 have joined it, pledging themselves to abstain from all intoxicating 

 drinks. Within the last year and a half since its organization a few 

 have broken this pledge ; but it is not known that any more have done 

 so than when the same number of white people join such a society. 

 The fact is also to be taken into consideration that in earlier years, 

 when there was less restraint, the greater portion of them would get 

 drunk. 



They are very fond of tea and coffee, and use them as Americans do ; 

 and also make teas of cranberry-leaves and young blackberry and hem- 

 lock leaves. 



C. — Narcotics. 



Methods of using, and effects. — Tobacco is quite generally used. The 

 older ones generally smoke ; the younger ones both chew and smoke. 

 A few of the women also use it. It makes them somewhat dizzy at 

 first. No other narcotics are used to my knowledge. Tobacco is used 

 much as Americans use it, and not to my knowledge as a calumet of 

 peace. 



The leaves of the killikinick, a small bush which grows a foot or two 

 high, dried, and of laurel, dried, also the dried bark of ironwood, are 

 used, when they are short of tobacco, to mix with it, but are seldom if 

 ever used alone. 



D. — Savors, flavors, etc. 



They use salt, pepper, and some other American spices as Americans 

 use them, but have no native ones. 



