EELLS ON THE IWANA INDIANS. 67 



(2) A stable for work-oxeu. This is generally built similar to the sheds 

 for hay, or that is built larger, and answers for both. 



(3) A few have stables for horses, when they have one, which they 

 prize very highly, as a race-horse. Most of their horses and cattle, 

 however, are not sheltered ; the timber, according to their ideas, being 

 sufiQcient for this. 



Structures for observation, memorial, defense, burial, and ceremony. — 

 There are none for any of these things except for burial, which are de- 

 scribed under chapter III, section 15, B, " Manner of disposing of the 

 dead." 



Public buildings. — There are none, except when a potlatch is to take 

 place,which may be only once in ten or twenty years or more. The last 

 one took place seven years ago, a few miles off from the reservation. A 

 large house, about 50 feet wide and more than 300 long, was erected. It 

 was a frame building, inclosed with boards. The best part of the material 

 was removed soon after, and the rest has gone to decay. 



Sweatliouses. — These are used much as among most other Indian 

 tribes. They are 3 or 4 feet in height, and a little more in diameter, 

 being conoidal. Sticks are first driven into the ground, rather close to- 

 gether, which are covered with large leaves, as the maple, and these are 

 covered with mud. 



B. — Appurtenances to DWELLiNas. 



Doors. — For their best houses these are a plain American door, made 

 by the Government carpenter. For their large winter houses, they are 

 made by themselves, are smaller, and much rougher. 



Fireplaces. — For their large winter houses and their fishing-houses, 

 they have been described under the previous section. Most of their 

 summer houses have no fireplaces or chimneys, but are furnished with 

 cook-stoves, a part of the annuity goods of last year. A few have 

 a rough chimney built of sticks and mud at one end of the house, and 

 on the outside of it, and a few have cut a hole in the middle of the 

 floor, filling it up with earth to the floor, on which they build the fire, 

 cutting a hole in the roof, where the smoke escapes. 



Windows. — Their winter houses have none. Their summer ones have 

 one or two American windows. 



Roofs. — These are made of split cedar boards. For some of their bet- 

 ter houses, they are dressed smooth, something similar to shingles, and 

 some are covered with shingles. 



Fastenings, such as lodes and latches. — Their winter houses are gener- 

 ally fastened with a wooden latch, which is worked with a string, and 

 when they leave the house for the summer the door is usually nailed 

 fast. The summer houses are provided with American locks and door- 

 knobs. 



Water-tanlcs. — They have none; but when they liv^e some distance from 



