EELLS ON THE TWANA INDIANS. 81 



D. — Fishing-implements other than weapons. 



HooTis and lines. — They buy American lines, also some American 

 hooks, ^hey make a large number from steel and bone, which they 

 prefer, as they say they are stronger than American ones. By heating 

 and filing the steel, they bring it into the proper shape. One kind of 

 salmon-hook is made of a straight piece of steel, about six inches 

 long, and sharp. On each side of it pieces of bone are tied. A 

 line is attached to it, and also a pole fifteen or twenty feet long, in 

 such a way that by means of the pole it may be driven into the fish, the 

 pole drawn out, and the hook remain, held by the string, when it is 

 drawn in. 



Gigs., harpoons. — Harpoons are sometimes used for seal-fishing. The 

 point is of iron, and the spear and line used as with the salmon-hook 

 just described. 



Spears. — For one kind, see sec. A, of the present chapter. A her- 

 ring-spear or rake is made about fifteen feet long, and on the lower end 

 for three feet sharp iron points, often oaade of nails, are driven in about 

 an inch apart. 



Nets. — They generally buy American twine and make them. For one 

 kind, see the following description of weirs. There is one net on the 

 reservation about four or five hundred feet long and forty feet wide, 

 made of twine, buoyed with blocks made of cedar, and used for catch- 

 ing salmon in salt-water. 



Prohes, ice-breaJcers, stools, sJceivers, &g., for seal- fishing. — They have 

 none. In catching them, they shoot them or spear them at night. For 

 spear, see harpoons. 



Weirs and traps of every hind. — Weirs are made across the river. 

 They are of small sticks, about an inch in diameter and six feet long, 

 fastened closely together, so that a fish cannot run up between' them. 

 A number of nets are made of twine, about eight feet across, and in the 

 shape of a shallow bowl, the rim being of wood bent around. These 

 are let into the water at night below the weir, and closely watched. A 

 few strings, one end of which is tied to them and the other end above, 

 indicate when a salmon is in it, when it is hauled up, and the fish 

 killed. 



E. — Hunting implements other than weapons. 



Traps and snares. — American steel-traps are often used in catching 

 mink and beaver. 



F. — Leather-working tools. 



Butchering and flaying. — For this an American knife, commonly a 

 batcher-knife or large pocket-knife, is used. 



Scrapers, tanning. — The deer or elk hide is soaked for two days, and 

 the hair removed by scraping it with a rough iron. It is then soaked a 

 half a (lay with the deer-brains, in hot water, over a fire; the deer- 



6 BULL 



