82 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SUKVEY. 



brains being rubbed over, something like soap. It is then stretched, and 

 rubbed with rocks until it becomes soft and pliable, when they dig a 

 hole in the ground, build a fire of rotten wood or cedar bark, stretch 

 the skin over it, and cover it with blankets, thus smoking it, after 

 which it is fit for use. 



Leather-working, crimping, sewing, shoemaMng, fringing, braiding, male- 

 ing habiche, &c. — There is very little of this now, as has already been 

 stated. They sell most of their tanned deer and elk skins to Ameri- 

 cans. In sewing into moccasins, they use a needle and awl, thread and 

 sineM^ I have not seen any of the other kinds of work mentioned. 



G. — Builders' tools. 



Tent-making. — They have no real tents, only mat houses, in the making 

 of which they use an as, hatchet, hammer, and a few nails. 



Felling trees. — American axes are always used. 



Making planks. — They are bought at the American saw-mills. For- 

 merly they were split from cedar-trees with wedges. 



Smoothing wood. — The knife, ax, hand-adze, and drawing-knife, and 

 a few use Government planes, though they own none. 



Hollowing and carving tvood. — The knife, ax, hatchet, and hand-adze 

 are commonly used. 



Fainting. — Generally this is done with the fingers or a cloth; seldom, 

 if ever, using a brush. 



Boat-building. — They make no boats except canoes, in the making of 

 which an ax and the hands are the principal implements used. 



I. — Potters' tools. 



As has been already stated (sec. 3, A), they do no work of this kind, 

 and hence have no tools. f 



J. — Tools for minino and metallurg-y. 



Sledges for breaking ore, hammers and anvil-stones for cold metal, smelt- 

 ing and molding apparatus, smithing-tools, implements for gold and silver 

 working. — They do no stone, gold, and silver working, and hence have 

 no tools. In working iron for making spear-points and fish-hooks, they 

 use an ax and hammer and file and fire. 



K. — Tools for procuring and manufacturing food. 



Boot-diggers. — Sharp-pointed sticks and iron tools are used. 



Gathering-baskets and fans. — Their common baskets, of all kinds and 

 sizes, are used ; the water-tight ones more especially for berries and the 

 larger ones for roots. (See sec. 3, A.) 



Founding-baskets and pestles. — Their water-tight baskets are used in 

 which to pound the food, and any rough rock or the hand for pounding. 



