84 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



Whips. — Generally any common stick is used. A few have whips, 

 with wooden handles, about a foot and a half long, and a lash of raw- 

 hide inserted into the end. 



Tethers, halters, lassos, lariats. — For these they use chiefly American 

 hemp ropes. Formerly they used those made of rawhide. 



P. — Implements of special crafts not enumerated. 



Logging is a very prominent business among them, as they sell the 

 logs to the different saw-mills on the sound. After the road is built, 

 they cut the timber. As they wish to cut the trees much higher than 

 they can when they stand on the ground, they cut notches in the tree, 

 and insert therein a plank, about 4 or 5 feet long, and 6 or 8 inches 

 wide, with the end ironed, on which they stand and cut with an 

 ax. When the tree has fallen, they measure it with a pole, saw it with 

 a cross-cut saw, and take off a part of the bark, so that it will slide 

 easily. This is done with an ax, or a heavy iron made for the purpose, 

 about 3 feet long, widened and sharpened at the end. They then 

 haul the logs to the water with three yoke of oxen. For a whip they 

 use a small stick about 5 or 6 feet long, with a small brad in the end, 

 with which they punch the cattle. They use American yokes and 

 chains. When the saws are dull, they file and set them with American 

 files and saw-sets. When the boom is full, a steamer from the mill 

 comes for it and tows it to the mill. The money being received, they 

 first pay the necessary expenses of running the camp, including the 

 provisions, and divide the rest among themselves according to the 

 amount of work done by each. They mess together, some of their wives 

 generally cooking for the camp. 



§ 7.— MEANS OF LOCOMOTION AND TRANSPORTATION. 



A. — Traveling by water. 



Dvg outs, canoes. — They do a large amount of traveling by water,, 

 chiefly in canoes. These are dug out of a single cedar-tree and vary in 

 size. The largest are about 30 feet long and 5^ wide and 2 deep, and 

 the smallest about 10 feet long, 2| wide, and 8 inches deep. They make 

 but few here larger than those 22 feet long, 4 wide, and 1^ deep. The 

 larger ones are bought of the Clallam Indians, who in turn buy them; 

 of the Indians of British Columbia. 



Boats built from logs or of i^lanlcs. — There is one small sloop owned by 

 one of the Indians, which was bought from an American. 



Sailing-crafts. — The larger canoes and sloop carry sails. 



Bridges, ferries, &c. — Bridges are made with log stringers, and cov- 

 ered with logs, or split cedar. In crossing a large river where there 

 is no bridge, they swim their horses, and take their things over in 

 canoes. 



