EELLS ON THE TWANA INDIANS. 105- 



Treatment of the captives and loounded. — Wounded enemies were gen- 

 erally killed. Captives were made slaves or sold ; but sometimes promi- 

 nent men were ransomed. 



Customs around the dying and dead. — They will tamanamus (see III, 

 17, D, Exorcism) for tbe removal of the evil spirit. When a person is 

 about to die, they remove the person from the house, supposing that if 

 a death takes place in a house the evil spirit who killed the deceased 

 will kill every one who shall afterward live in the house. If it is 

 unpleasant weather, a mat house is built in which they may die, and 

 being immediately torn down, it allows the evil spirit to escape. If a 

 person dies in a house, they will not live in it afterward, and generally 

 tear it down. After death, there is a great deal of crying and mourn- 

 ing and noise. 



Funeral and burial customs. — The dead are placed in coffins, and many 

 things are also placed with them in the coffins, as good clothes and other 

 things, which they will be supposed to need in the next world. Occa- 

 sionally, Christian services are held over them, after which they are 

 taken to the graveyard. The number of these Christian services has 

 increased considerably during the last two years. If no Christian serv- 

 ice is held at the convenience of the friends, they are taken to the 

 grave, but generally much sooner after death than with the whites,, 

 often as soon as the coffin can be made. They are quite supersti- 

 tious about going near the dead, fearing that the wicked spirit 

 who killed the dead will enter the living who go near. They are most 

 fearful of having children go near, they being more liable to be attacked 

 than older persons. They are very slowly overcoming these prejudices 

 as they see the customs of the whites, but are more slow in regard to 

 this than to adopt most other American customs. 



Manner of disposing of the dead, by cremation, in coffins, embalming, in 

 graves, in lodges, on scaffolds. — No cremation, no embalming, not in 

 lodges. They are placed in coffins, which are made by the Government 

 carpenter, or in a rough box, if the former cannot be easily procured, 

 and then in a grave. Formerly they were placed on scaffolds, but there 

 is very little of this now. Over the grave is an inclosure generally in 

 the shape of a small house, shed, lodge, or fence, and with some the 

 sides are quite open, and with others entirely closed, or with a window. 

 Both outside and within the inclosure are various articles, as guns, 

 canoes in miniature, dishes, clothes, blankets, sheets, and cloth mats, 

 and occasionally a wooden man, carved and painted in the face, and 

 dressed. On some graves, these things are replenished every year or 

 two, as they are destroyed by the effects of time. Some graves have 

 nothing of this kind. In this respect, they are adopting American cus- 

 toms more and more. 



Ossuaries an'd imhlic cemeteries. — There are no ossuaries. They have 

 two cemeteries, both on Hood's Canal, one on the reservation and the 

 other a little ways from it. They are not regularly laid out, but face 

 the water, generally extending back only one or two rows of graves. 



