158 BULLETIN UNITED STATES GEOLOGICAL SURVEY. 



calcareous breccia, and the floor is evenly spread with earthy dehris. 

 The height of the gallery is uneven, ranging from 2 to 25 feet, and the 

 length is 275 feet. The breccia of the roof pertains to one beach of the 

 great series, and the floor is near the level of another. Th e wonderful 

 depth of the excavation, in a direction nearly parallel to the shore, is 

 explained by the convergence of the straight walls, between which the 

 waves gained in their jjrogress, on the principle of the hydraulic ram, 

 enough velocity to compensate for the loss by friction." 



In order to feel entirely certain that the cave I examined was the same 

 as the one thus described, I wrote Mr. Gilbert, and received such infor- 

 mation from him as jDlaced the matter beyond a doubt. 



The specimens occurred entirely under stones, none upon the walls, as 

 the cave is perfectly dry, a very slight degree of moisture gathering un- 

 der the flat pieces of brecciated limestone, which had fallen from the 

 roof above. The darkness was not quite total, a faint glimmer of light 

 appearing, although it was necessary to use candles in exploring the 

 cave as well as in searching for specimens. Having previously examined 

 a much larger cave in the Carboniferous formation in Williams Canon 

 at Manitou, Colo., without finding any signs of indfgenous life, except 

 DicUdia Icetula and its larva, which occurred on the steps near the en- 

 trance, and which had been evidently a recent introduction, I was much 

 interested to find in this small isolated cave in Utah a well-marked cave 

 fauna, nearly as characteristic as that inhabiting the caverns of Ken- 

 tucky, Indiana, or Virginia. Four forms occurred, of each of which sev- 

 eral individuals were found in a few minutes' search. 



The spider-like form {Nemastoma troglodytes) belonging to the group 

 of "harvestmen" was perhaps more abundant than the others. It 

 belongs to a group not before known to inhabit North or South America; 

 none of the family occurring in caverns east of the Mississippi Eiver. 

 Species of the genus occur, however, in Europe. It had well-marked 

 eyes. The Myriopod belongs to a widely-distributed genus {Polydes- 

 mus), but which in this country has not been hitherto known to be a 

 true troglodyte. Like all the species of the genus, which as a rule live 

 in the twilight under stones and leaves, &c., it is eyeless. Its entirely 

 white color, when all the other known species are highly colored, shows 

 that it is also a true cave-dweller. The Poduran Tomocerus plumbeus 

 is found abundantly in Europe, Greenland, and North America. It 

 occurred of very large size under stones at an elevation of 11,000 feet 

 on Gray's Peak. It will probably be found on the Pacific coast. The 

 individuals, moreover, discovered in Clinton's Cave, Utah, represented 

 a white variety peculiar to caverns, and which differed in no respect 

 from bleached individuals found in the smaller caves of Grayson County^ 

 Kentucky, by myself, in 1874, while attached temporarily to the Ken- 

 tucky Geological Survey, Prof. N. S. Shaler in charge. A small Zonites 

 was discovered, which was white. Its occurrence was of a good deal of 

 interest, from the fact that of the numerous Helices which occurred in 



