ZOOLOGY AND BOTAKY OF THE ALTAI MOUNTAINS. 39 



shows that the Siberian one must be at any rate partially migra- 

 tory. Those who wish to study the birds of this country should go 

 early and stay late in the year, for the height of summer is not 

 the time for collecting. I have no doubt, however, that one wiio 

 w ould give up his whole time to it might get very valuable results ; 

 and I am certain, that even the plants, which have hitherto received 

 a greater share of attention than any other branch of JMatural 

 Hiscory, are by no means worked out. 



Next to the Wild Sheep, to whose pursuit I devoted ten days 

 of my stay in the mouutains, I gave most time to the Butterhie;^, 

 which, though comparatively scarce uutil about the 5th of July, 

 then began to appear in great profusion. I was particularly 

 pleased to ditco\er heie a number of species hitherto kuown 

 only from the Upper Amur and i'rom Lapland, among them 

 some most interestiug species of (Eaeis, Erebia, Argi/miis, and 

 Lycaina. I found, however, hardly an}^ of the peculiar types 

 which otcur in the various mountaiu-rauges of Turkestan 

 southwards ; and it seems, I'rom a geueral review of the 

 Butterflies of the Altai, that the European element is dominant, 

 with a large admixture of species belougiug to Eastern and 

 Northern Siber.a, I must say, however, that the majority 

 of these are contiued to the high bare mountains above 

 timber-line. The collectious made by Kindermanu in 1851-52 

 (which have been detcribed by Lederer) and by liuckbeil ]n 

 the south-western parts of tlie Altai (which are in Herr Tancre'^s 

 collection) are of a much more typically European character, and 

 do not coiitain a large number of the more interesting species 

 which I obtained. 



As I have already given some account of my collection of 

 Lepidoptera from the Altai at a meetiug of the Entomological 

 Suciety, aud propose to publish a full account of them in the 

 ' Trausactions ' of thut Society, I need only remark that the 

 number of Butterflies kuown from the Altai district amounts to 

 about 180, of which I took about 110 myself in two months. 

 Of these about 40 are not found in Europe. 109 are also found 

 in the Amur region. 92 were also taken in the Kentei mountains 

 of East Mongolia, which is the only place in that country of 

 whose butterfl.ies we have a fair list. 78 weie fouud by 

 M. Alpheraky iu the mountains of Kuldja, which in puinfc of 

 distance are much nearer than the Keutei mountains ; and out 

 of above 200 species included by Grrum-Grishimailo m his list of 



