MIOCENE MOLLUSCA OP LA.KE FRMT. 431 



One Lamellibrancli, which appears to differ from every known 

 form, is here described (p. 447) as a new species under the name 

 of Merefricc persiensis. 



Speaking generally, the collection consists of Miocene species, 

 although a few of its members assume a facies indicative of the 

 Aquitanian division of the Tertiary rocks, which by some authors 

 (e. g. Griimbel and Fuchs) is regarded as Lower Miocene, and by 

 Lapparent and others as Upper Oligocene. 



From palaeontological evidence it would appear that the 

 Tertiary rocks of Lake Urmi form part of an extensive series of 

 deposits which is traceable through Asia Minor, Southern Europe 

 (Grreece, Vienna Basin, Italy, and Spain), Egypt (Siwa Oasis, 

 Pyramids, Greneffe), Northern Africa, and Madeira. 



The following remarks on the localities represented in the 

 collection may be of interest. 



The majority of the specimens were obtained from the beach 

 and cliff's of the Island of Koyun Daghi, which, according to 

 Abich, has an elevation of 5258 feet above sea-level, and in 

 section is seen to be composed entirely of Miocene rocks resting 

 on a Palaeozoic base — (a) the highest bed contains Alectryonia 

 Virleti ; (&) beds of marble appearance with Corals ; (c) concre- 

 tionary limestones with Turritella Archimedis, T. turris, T. gra- 

 data, &c. ; ((?) Palaeozoic rocks. 



The following species from this locality are represented in 

 Mr. Griinther's Collection : — 



Alectryonia Virleti, Ostrea pseudodigitalina, Ostrea lamellosa, 

 Fecten suhurmiensis, Pecten allied to Burdigalensis, Pecten 

 {Flahellipecten) sp. indet,, Chlamys {^q^uipecten) Mal- 

 vince aOin., Chlamys sp. indet., Cardita sp. \TAQi., ^trombus 

 like Bonelli, Conus sp. indet., Turritella Archimedis, 

 Turritella gradata var., Turritella rotifera affin., Latirus 

 crispus. 

 In considering the zone or zones of the Miocene system to 

 which these forms should be referred, it may be observed that the 

 presence of Alectryonia Virleti, Latirus crispus, Ostrea lamellosa, 

 &c., would suggest a later age than that represented by Turri- 

 tella Archimedis, T. gradata var., Pecten allied to Burdigalensis, 

 &c. It is therefore quite possible that these older species are 

 of Helvetian age, whereas the others are probably Tortonian, 

 or even later, as they occur also in Pliocene deposits. The 

 specimens from Koyun Daghi are in a cream-coloured marly 



