MIOCENE MOLLUSCA OF LAKE UEMI. 433 



Eock. Tbe beds are all conformable to each other, and dip at an 

 angle of 7^ towards tbe E.S.E., wbicli dip is of course due to the 

 igneous rocks of the Wurgowiz spur on the north. 



" 1. Compact, hard, crystalline, white limestone, be- 

 comiug concretionary in passing downwards, 

 afterwards marly. 



2. Light-blue marl, with hard flesh-coloured flints and 



nodules, and irregular fragments of limestone. 

 It contains abundant Corals in situ and in layers, 

 below which are numerous specimens of Clype- 

 aster, Echinolampas, Pecteii, Serpula, and casts 

 of various Univalve and Bivalve shells. 



3. Compact mass of highly crystalline coralline 



nodules in hard marls. 



The thickness of the above three beds is about. . 250 feet 



4. Pine reddish gravel, or coarse sand-conglomerate, 



much hardened, and filled with fragments of 



fossils IS „ 



5. Priable yellow sandstone, very finely grained, 



with fragmentary fossils 15 „ 



This bed passes into 



6. Hard and compact, grey, marly limestone, filled 



witb Corals and casts of shells 6 „ 



7. Hard reddish marl, abounding in shells 21 ,, 



8. Urownish-yellow, friable sandstones, with several 



thin layers of gravel and conglomerate, of 

 \ariously-sized rounded pebbles 100 „ 



Total thickness of Section .... 410 ft." 



Dr. H. Abich * issued his first paper on the palaeontology of 

 this region in 1858, accompanying it with an excellent geologi- 

 cally coloured map taking in the whole of the islands on Lake 

 Urmi, and recognizing them as belonging to the " Miocene 

 inferieur." His. determinations of the fossils inclined him to 

 consider that they should be referred to the " Molasse Moyen " 



* Abich, H. — " Tremblemeiit de Terre observe a Tebriz en septembre 1856, 

 Notices physiques et geographiqiies de M. KhaDykof sur I'AzerbeidjaD," Bull. 

 Olasse Physico-Math. Ac. Imp. Sci. Saint-Petersbourg, 1858, vol. xvi. pp. 340- 

 341, pi. iii. (^Geological Map: coloured). 



