WOODWARD : LIST OF BRITISH NON-MARINE MOLLUSCA. 359 



follow Lamarck and put all the "chrysalis-shells" under Pupa) first" 

 employed the name in the sense in which it has ever since been used. 



If Pupa has to go what name can be put in its place? 



About 1 813 (the exact date is at present not certain) Fleming wrote 

 for Brewster's Edinburgh Encyclopaedia^ (vol. vii., pp. 55-107) the 

 article "Conchology." In this article Fleming established the genus 

 Odostoviia^ he defines it (p. 76) as "Shell spiral, produced, mouth 

 contracted, subangular, generally distinct from the body whorl and 

 furnished with teeth," and states "the shells which we have formed 

 into the present genus were included by Linnaeus in the turretted 

 division of his genus Tiirbo-p he proceeds to divide them into " A. 

 Spires dextral" i inuscortwi, 2 sexdentata, t, f^'idetis, ^ carychium, 

 5 juniperi, 6 interstincta, 7 tinideiitata, 8 plicata^ 9 sandvicensis, 

 \o insculpta; "B. Spires sinistral" 11 perversa, \2 nigricans, it, him i- 

 nata, 14 biplicata, 15 labiata, 16 vertigo-^'' and repeats this in a 

 summary on p. 104. Fleming's next article on "Conchology" appeared 

 in the "Supplement to the fourth, fifth and sixth editions of the 

 Encyclopaedia Britannica," vol. iii. (dated 1824, 4)ut issued pp. 1-316 

 in February, 18 18, see vol. vi., p. 837, note) pp. 284-316. He 

 seems then to have become aware of the work of continental authors, 

 for while (p. 312) Odostomia is still retained as a sub-division of 

 Turbo, he proceeds: "The Turbo ifiterstinda, unidefi/ata, piicata, 



sandivicensis, and insculpta of Montagu are of this genus 



The species which are related to the T. bidens, perversiis and nius- 

 corum of LinnEeus, constitute a very natural family which may be 



termed Pupacea The dextral pupacea form two genera. 



The Pupa as originally constructed by Lamarck, was equally faulty 

 with many of the old Linnaean genera, as we have restricted it to 



include dextral shells We can receive it into the nms- 



coruni, sexdentatus ^.ndjuniperi of Montagu." 



1 There is no evidence of more than one true edition of this work and that in 410. ; its publica- 

 tion was spread over from 180S to 1830 when final title-pages for all the volumes were issued. 

 Meantime as earlier volumes were exhausted further copies appear to have been struck off from 

 the old plates (or issued from stock) having new temporary title-pages bearing the new date of 

 issue and miscalled, even by the publishers, "new edition." There has been the greatest difficulty 

 in ascertaining, even approximately, the dates of publication of any of them, the wrappers and 

 temporary title-pages having in all copies yet met with been religiously destroyed by the binders, 

 after their manner. 



2 Turton sought to emend this to Odontostoina (Carrington's " Teignmouth, Dawlish and 

 Torquay Guide, pt. ii.. Natural History of the district," by W. Turton and J. F. Kingston, Svo., 

 1828? Sheet G, first page, at bottom. — A reprint of the conchological section appears to have 

 fallen into the hands of Gwyn Jeffreys, who cites it (" Brit. Conch.," iv., 108) as " Enumeration of 

 Marine Shells found on the Devonshire Coast," 1829). Jeffreys later sought to emend the name 

 to Odontostoiiiia (" List of Mar. Moll, at Oban, Ayrshire," Malac. and Conch. IStag. no. 2, [1839] 

 p. 34) but repented of it and in the British Conchology reverts to Fleming's name which he 

 explains as "persyncopen for Odontostomia." No valid objection need be taken to Fleming's 

 name. 



Kobelt (" Icon. Schalentrag. Europaisch. Meeresconch.," iii., p. 75), sets Odostomia aside for 

 /';'>c/?i7i/^w<7« of Locard (i885) ; but he was unaware of the dates of Fleming and mistaken as 

 regards Say. 



