360 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOI,. TO, NO. 12, OCTOBER, I903. 



Fleming's next article was on "MoUusca" in vol. v. of the "Supple- 

 ment," pp. 567-584 (dated 1824, but issued May, 1822, see vol. vi.,, 

 p. 837, note): he now goes a step further and puts the Pupacea 

 (p. 573) with "Snails, Tribe 2 [sect.] 2," leaving Odostojjiia with Turbo 



(P- 577)- 



The same arrangement occurs in his "Philosophy of Zoology," ii. 

 (1822), pp. 458 and 488. 



Fleming's final article was on "MoUusca" for vol. xiv. of Brewster's 

 "Edinburgh Encyclopaedia," the date of which must have been about 

 1825101828. Here we find (p. 615): "II. j5«/m//^. . , . The 

 species which are related to the Turbo bidens, perversus and ftiuscorum 

 of Linnaeus constitute a very natural family," &c., exactly as in his 

 article "Conchology" in the "Supplement," vol. viii. ; while Odostomia 

 is quoted under "Pectibranchia, First Fam. represented by genus 

 Turbo ^^ on p. 625. 



It is obvious, therefore, that Odostomia was not primarily created 

 solely for small land-shells with toothed apertures nor can Say be 

 quoted in support of this contention. Say (Nicholson's Encyclopaedia, 

 Amer. ed., 181 7) merely followed Fleming's nomenclature as the 

 latest known to him when he referred the species corticaria to 

 Odostomia, and this is made perfectly clear on referring to the third 

 edition (1820) in which the name is altered to ^' Pupa corticaria.^^ 



Fleming having himself restricted his Odostomia, originally a mixed 

 group, to certain marine forms, the name cannot now be revived for 

 Pupa. 



Of other names we have: — Chondrus Cuvier, "Regne Animal," ii. 

 (1817), p. 408; unfortunately his first and therefore type species is 

 the Bulimus zebra of Olivier, which invalidates the name for our 

 purpose. Cochlodonta Fdrussac, "Table Syst. Limagons," (182 1), p. -6* ^< 

 is identical with the Pupa of Lamarck, and so fails to meet the case. 

 We fall back, therefore, ony"cj!w/«/«^of Risso, "Hist. Nat. Eur. Merid.," 

 iv. (1826) p. 88, established to receive muscorum, inargijiata, etc. 

 This, of course, necessitates the alteration of the family name which, 

 as suggested by Dr. Pilsbry, should be taken from the oldest genus of 

 the group and be Vertigitiidce. 



Boettger's arrangement of the family is here followed in the main. 

 He, however, makes all the subgenera oi Pupa and Isthmia into genera 

 but leaves the rest of Vertigo under that genus. This I do not con- 

 sider necessary. 



Torquilla was employed by Brisson in 1760 for a genus of birds, 

 and the next available name is Abida, Leach in Turton. 



I By an oversight, Risso cites this as " Leach MS." Leach's laminia was founded for Ova- 

 tella [=Leuconia\ bidentata, but since he did not give any synonymy Risso evidently thought 

 Pupa bidentata was meant. 



I 



