JACKSON AND MOORE : MOLLUSCAN FAUNA OF GRANGE-OVER-SANDS. 47 



It will be seen from the above result of our researches in this 

 district, that its molluscan fauna is comparatively rich, and would 

 well repay more systematic research than our limited time allowed. 

 We would suggest that future workers might profitably investigate 

 that portion of the district unexplored by us, lying north of a line 

 drawn from Eggerslack Wood through Cartmell to Holker. Hum- 

 phrey Head, the nearest station to which is Kent's Bank, about two 

 miles from Grange, might also be worked, as quantities of dead shells 

 are to be picked up at the base of the steep cliffs, having been 

 washed down from above. Amongst the shells thus found are Helix 

 aspersa, H. nemoralts, H. hortensis, Hygj'omia rufescens, Pyramidida 

 rotundata, Vitrea cellaria, V. alliaria, V. nitidula, Clansilia bidentata, 

 and Pomatias elegans. Very good specimens of Clausilia bidentata 

 and its var. cravenensis are to be found clinging to the rocks, and 

 doubtless if the cliffs were scaled, and the rocks examined carefully, 

 many other living species would be acquired. 



Of the species mentioned in the above paper, we find that the 

 following are additions to the records for district 69 of Mr. Lionel E. 

 Adams' last Census : — 



Vitrea lucida, 



Punduin pygm(Bum, 



Vertigo pygmcea, 



V suhstriata. 



Plafiorbis contortus, 

 Acicula lineata, 

 Neritina fliiviatilis. 



Note on the Land and Freshwater Shells of Lancaster. — Preparatory to 

 an exhaustive list of the mollusca of this district, a few notes on the most interest- 

 ing species may be acceptable. This list is confined to the millstone grit formation, 

 and as the limestone begins about Carnforth, a radius of six miles may be roughly 

 taken. In the canal are Planorbis umbilicahis, P. albus, P. fontanus, Valvata 

 piscinalis, V. cristafa, Neritina fliiviatilis, Dreissensia poly/norpha, Physa fonti- 

 nalis, and several of the commoner species. On the canal margins are Hyalinia 

 iiitida, H. radiaiula, H. pura var. nitidosa. Helix grantilata ; in the deeply- 

 wooded cutting south of the town are Vertigo edentula, Helix aculeata and Hyalinia 

 fulva. In the river Lune are Unio margaritifer and LimniEa auricularia. In a 

 ditch near Lady's Walk, at the north-end of the town, subject to additions of salt 

 water from the river, is Pisidiuin pusillum var. grandis and deformed specimens of 

 Planorbis umbilicatus. The typical land shell of the district is Helix riifescens. 

 Helix neinoralis and H. hortensis are fine, but extremely local, the former pre- 

 ferring high ground above Scotforth, and the latter the river valley. H. caperata 

 occurs on the Morecambe road. At Caton H. pygnuva is common on dead oak 

 leaves, and on the river bridge one specimen of Clausilia laminata has been found. 

 In a pond close to the salt marshes of the river estuary is Sphieriiwi lacustre var. 

 ryckhoUii. Out of a total of fifty-four species, the following are not included in the 

 Census for 1902 : Hyalinia radiaiula, H. fulva, Helix pulchella, H. grantilata, 

 Clausilia laminata, Sphariiun lacustre, Pisidium pusillum, Dreissensia polymorpha 

 and Unio margaritifer, the two latter names, however, are by no means new 

 records.— J. Davy Dean {Read before the Society, Oct. 14th, 1903). 



