112 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. II, NO. 4, OCTOBER, I904. 



Sub-genus Streptaulus Benson, 1857. 



Shell shining. Peristome round. At the upper part provided with 

 a sutural tooth, open from the interior to the exterior, looking like a 

 siphon. 



Distribution: Himalayas. 



Type S. blanfordi Benson. 

 The only species of this sub-genus. 



Sub-genus Pupinella Gray, 1850. 



Shell covered with a thin epidermis, mouth circular. The edge of 

 the columella channelled at the base, peristome reflected, thick, 

 operculum horny, multispiral. 



Distribution: Philippines, Moluccas, Borneo. 



Type P. pupiniformis Sow. 

 Section Pupinopsis H. Adams, 1866. 

 A sinus or a tube to the posterior part of the mouth. 



Type P. morrisonia H. Adams, from Formosa. 



Sub-genus Anaulus L. Pfeiffer, 1855 {=Rhaphaiil7is Pfr., 1857). 



Shell pupiform, with an epidermis, umbilicated, mouth circular, 

 peristome double, the internal continuous, the external dilated, per- 

 forated near the insertion of the right edge by an open channel. The 

 sutural canal open to the interior of the spire, operculum thin, horny, 

 a little concave on the outside. 



Distribution : Indo-China, Borneo. 



Type A. bombycitius Pfr. 



.According to Michau " Pupina i^Registoind) vescoi Mor. lives in 

 Cochin China at the foot of the banana trees and ascends their trunks 

 and foliage after the rains." 



Benson says "The canal of the shell of Anaulus serves to maintain a 

 communication with the outside air when the opening is closed by the 

 operculum." 



In the Cambridge "Natural History," (p. 157) the Rev, A. H. 

 Cooke says "In certain genera of land operculates, e.g., Pupina, 

 Cataulus, Pierocyclus, a slight fissure or tube in the last whorl serves 

 to introduce air into the shell, which is perhaps otherwise closed to 

 air by the operculum. In Aitloporna, which has no tube, the oper- 

 culum admits free circulation of air. In certain other Cyclostomatidae 

 the apex is truncated and air can enter there. De Folin closed with 

 wax the aperture of C. elegans and found that on placing it in a 

 pneumatic machine the shell gave off air through its whole surface. 

 On the other hand Cylindrella and Stejiogyra decollata, on being 

 submitted to the same test, shewed that the truncated part alone was 

 permeable by air." 



