>rEi,viLi. : THK sunr.EXus casmaria of cassis. 177 



dun colour, and varying from being quite smooth to being ornamented 

 with one spiral series of nodules. C. ceylanica Lamk., very well 

 figured by Kiener/ is a thicker form, lip very incrassate, with large 

 deposit of enamel on the columella, dorsally twice spirally noduled, 

 painting obscurely areolate. (2) C. paucirugis Menke, again, seems 

 but a form of C. pyri/?)i, the style of painting, though obscure, being 

 almost identical. 



Since Adams' day, a few additional species of Casmaria have been 

 described, amongst them C. sophice. Brazier and C. glabrata Dkr. 

 The former of these is a large, globular, solid, but inflated species, 

 white, smoothish, ornamented with four spiral rows of chestnut 

 blotches on the last whorls; while the latter is a thin, narrow, smooth 

 shell, with elevated spire, and outer lip with no painting, quite smooth 

 and plain. This may very likely be a form of C. vibex L., while the 

 former (C. sophice) seems a very distinctively marked large variety of 

 C. pyruni. I give this opinion with all reserve, never having seen a 

 specimen. 



(6) C. vibex L. is a most distinct species, the shell being whitish or 

 greyish-brown, shining, varices usually absent, excepting in case of 

 monstrous forms, which occasionally shew a reduplication of lip, outer 

 lip 3-5 spined towards the base, obscurely thrice spirally zoned with 

 dark-grey, and often longitudinally flame-marked and lined, flames 

 usually few and distinct, outer lip varying in incrassation, transversely 

 painted with dark -brown lines. 



C. erinacea L. is precisely to this what C. ceylanica is to C. achatina 

 — a dwarf, much thickened form, spirally noduled at the sutures, outer 

 lip often peculiarly incrassate and pronounced. Doubtless Adams 

 considered it a synonym of C. vihrx^ or else, being a Linnean species, 

 they would have taken due notice of it. Amongst many S[)ecimens 

 of C. erinacea I have handled, are several with a row of tessellated 

 maculations at the suture, and another near the base, forming thus a 

 complete link, so far as marking is concerned, with C. torquata Reeve. 

 This Tryon retains as a true species, with some little reservation. In 

 its typical form, C. torquata is small, thin, particularly smooth and 

 shining, with the peculiar markings as just given. 



C. Jialosnwdix Melv. was described^ in 1883 from the more typical 

 of two examples. Allied as it is, doubtless, to C. vibex, and perhaps 

 being best considered as a sub-species, it will always be recognizable, 

 and is to be differentiated by the complete absence of any spines on 

 the lower portion of the outer lip, as well as, in the type, by the very 

 close longitudinal brown lines, these not being flamed or fulgurate, 

 but almost straight. Another example came into my possession last 



I " Coq. Viv. Cassis," pi. 13, f. 26. 

 z Journ. 0/ Coiic/i., \o\. 4, p. 43. 



