INTERNATIONAL RULES FOR ZOOLOGICAL NOMENCLATURE. 203 



Specific and Subspecific Names, 



Art. ir. — Specific and subspecific names. are subject to the same 

 rules and recommendations, and from a nomenclatural standpoint 

 they are co-ordinate, that is, they are of the same value. 



Art. 12. — A specific name becomes a subspecific name when the 

 species so named becomes a subspecies, and vice versa. 



Art. 13. — While specific substantive names derived from names 

 of persons may be written with a capital initial letter, all other 

 specific names are to be written with a small initial letter. Examples: 

 Rhizostoma Cuvieri or Rh. cuvieri, Francolinus Lucani or F. lucani, 

 Hypoderma Diana or H. diana, Laophonte Alohainmed or L. moham- 

 med, CEstrus ovis, Corvus corax. 



Art. 14. — Specific names are : 



a. x\djectives, which must agree grammatically with the generic 

 name. Example : Felis inarmorata. 



b. Substantives in the nominative in apposition with the generic 

 name. Example : Felis leo. 



c. Substantives in the genitive. Examples : rosae, sturionis, antil- 

 larum, galliae., sancti-pauli, sandae-helenae . 



If the name is given as a dedication to one or several persons, the 

 genitive is formed in accordance with the rules of Latin declination 

 in case the name was employed and declined in Latin. Examples : 

 Pliiiii, Aristotelis, Victoris, Aiitonii, Eiisabethae, Petri (given name). 



If the name is a modern patronymic, the genitive is always formed 

 by adding, to the exact and complete name, an / if the person is a 

 man, or an ce if the person is a woman, even if the name has a Latin 

 form ; it is placed in the plural if the dedication involves several 

 persons of the same name. Examples : Cuvieri, Mobiusi, Nunezi, 

 Merianae, Sarasinori/in, Bosi (not Bovis), Salmoni (not Salmonis). 



Recommendation. — The best specific name is a Latin adjective, short, 

 euphonic, and of easy pronunciation. Latinized Greek words or barbarous words 

 may, however, be used. Examples : gymnocephalus, cchinococctis, ziczac, agnti, 

 koactii, unibitinga. 



Art. 15.— The use of compound proper names indicating dedica- 

 tion, or of compound words indicating a comparison with a simple 

 object does not form an exception to Art. 2. In these cases the two 

 words composing the specific name are written as one word with or 

 without the hyphen. Examples : sandae-catharinae or sandaecathar- 

 inae, jan-mayeni or Jan/nayeni, coriiu-pastoris or cornupastoris, cor- 

 anguinum or coraiiguiniim, cedo-nulli or cedonulli. 



Expressions like riidis planusque are not admissible as specific names. 



Art. 16. — Geographic names are to be given as substantives in 

 the genitive, or are to be placed in an adjecti\'al form. Examples : 



