328 JOURNAL OF CONCHOLOGY, VOL. II, NO. II, JULY, I906. 



On one occasion, whilst " beating " the tall Junipers on Arnside 

 Knot, I was somewhat surprised when a number of fully-grown 

 Hygromia fusca came tumbling down into the umbrella ; with them 

 came also Balea perversa, which as everyone knows, is a capital tree- 

 climber, but I have never before seen it on Juniper, a tree whose 

 armature of spiny leaves would seem to offer but little attraction to 

 any snail, and which the average conchologist may, if provided with 

 nothing but bare hands, quite pardonably pass by. But I have had 

 a little prior experience, since on one occasion in August I "beat" out 

 numbers of very juvenile H. nemoralis from the Junipers growing on 

 the "limestone-pavement" on Hampsfell(727 feet), above Grange-over- 

 Sands. Most of my conchological friends, I find, look upon H. fusca 

 as a ground-loving species, with a special liking for the Great Hairy 

 Woodrush {Luzitla sylvatica) and — the testimony of authors notwith- 

 standing — it is not generally credited with more than adventuring 

 upon an occasional excursion over the grass and other herbage, and I 

 have often heard expressions of surprise at failure to find it during 

 summer in some of its well-known haunts. As a matter of fact, this 

 snail is a habitual chmber, and ascends trees, chiefly Beeches and 

 Poplars, but more particularly Alders, where it lives during the 

 summer months, clinging to the undersides of the leaves, and feeding 

 upon them, and falls to the ground with them in September and 

 October. It then occupies itself with the business of reproduction, 

 laying its eggs amongst the dead leaves, and thus it is we find it most 

 commonly and remarkably active during the late autumn and winter 

 months or very early spring. 



Along the cliffs, from Arnside Knot to Jenny Brown's Point, 

 Jaminia cylindracea and J. muscorutn are extremely abundant, and 

 Pyramidula rupestris abounds, both on the cliffs and the inland walls. 

 The limestone cliffs are in many places cracked and lined with small 

 fissures, and these are a favourite haunt into which the two species of 

 Jatftinia retreat in dry weather, emerging in such numbers after the 

 face of the rocks has been well wetted by a good shower, as to remind 

 one of the clustering swarms of fleas which I have often seen on a 

 hot summer's day ringing the entrance hole of a sand-martin's nest ! 

 Both species seem as a rule to live in separate colonies, though they 

 may sometimes be seen together on the same stone. Adult specimens 

 of both species from the cliffs are, at this season, very much weathered 

 at the apex. J. cylindracea when living on the cliffs is of a more 

 robust growth and darker in colour than those on the mossy walls 

 inland, where a much longer and usually more delicate and somewhat 

 translucent form occurs. In an old quarry at Lindeth, the stones 

 lying about were studded with shells of this species in all stages of 

 growth, and I counted loy individuals on a stone measuring about 

 ten inches by eight. 



