IN THE LOWER TERTIARY STRATA OF NEW ZEALAND. 245 



PL XV. fig. 3. Spicules of the same character as the pre- 

 ceding, but the distal ray is shorter, the spines on it are less 

 upright and thicker set in the middle portion of the ray. Axial 

 canals traverse all the rays and open at their ends. Length 

 of distal ray '087 mm., width '035 mm., the transverse and proxi- 

 mal rays are "07 mm. in length. Similar but smaller pinules are 

 present in Caulophacus latus, Schulze (Chall. Hep. vol. xxi. 

 p. 124, pi, xxiv. fig. 10), from west of the Crozet Islands, in 

 Diatom ooze, at a depth of 1600 fathoms. 



PI. XV. fig. 4. E-esembling the preceding, but the transverse 

 and proximal rays are proportionately longer and the spines on 

 the distal ray more bushy, so that it has an ovate outline. Length , 

 of distal ray '076 mm., width '03 mm., length of the other rays 

 '07 mm. Pinule spicules of the same character as this are present 

 in PolyrJiahdus oviformis, Schulze, and in Balanites pipetta, Sch. 

 (Chall. Eep. vol. xxi. pp. 121, 122, pi. xxiii. figs. 4, 13), both 

 from the Antarctic Ocean, in Diatom ooze, at depths of 1950 

 and 1975 fathoms. 



Pinule Spicules with Five Rays. 



PI. XV. fig. 6. The transverse rays are either horizontal or 

 with a slight upward curvature, their surfaces covered with small 

 spines or tubercles. Distal ray with strong curved and thick 

 spines, the end of the ray extends beyond the spines. Length 

 of distal ray "06 mm., width '036 mm., length of transverse rays 

 "022 mm. Similar but somewhat larger pinules are present in 

 Syalonema globus, Sch. (Chall. Eep. vol. xxi. p. 221, pi. xl. fig. 

 16), from near the Bauda Islands, at a depth of 360 fathoms. 



PI. XV. fig. 7. Pinule with stout, obtusely pointed, transverse 

 ravs, thickly set with spines ; distal ray short, truncate, with 

 short, straight hooked spines, nearly similar to those of the basal 

 rays. Axial canals well marked. Length of distal ray "059 mm., 

 thickness "02 mm., length of transverse rays "06 mm. 



PI. XV. fig. 5. Pinule with smooth, nearly horizontal, trans- 

 verse rays and a stout short distal ray which in the upper portion 

 has a group of thickly set curved spines which are all of about 

 equal height, so that the ray appears as if truncate. Length of 

 distal ray '027 mm., width across spines "018 mm., length of 

 transverse rays '018 mm. 



PL XV. fig. 8. Pinule with smooth, horizontal, transverse 

 rays ; distal ray elongate, with stout curved hook-like spines. 



