T. D. A. COCKERELL : PARMACELLA OF GIBRALTAR. 27 



Shell. — Apex pale greenish and very shiny. The rest 

 of the shell whitish and slightly iridescent, the edges are very 

 thin and pale greenish. Fairly good figures of the shell are 

 given by Chenu (' Man. Conch.', vol. i., p. 426) and by Moquin 

 ('Moll, de France'), but Hidalgo's figure {loc. cit.) is much too 

 narrow, if it is intended for the same form. Sowerby ('Genera 

 of Shells,' vol. i., pi. 157) represents his P. calyculata as brown 

 above and whitish within, which does not agree with the 

 Gibraltar species. He gives no description of the soft parts. 



Anatomy. — The alimentary canal consists of a buccal 

 portion, with a rather small and somewhat triangular odon- 

 tophore, and a simple jaw of a dark colour, a large stomach, a 

 rather long and swollen mid-gut, and a short (shorter than in 

 Moquin's figure) and narrow hind-gut. The inner surface of 

 the stomach is much corrugated, that of the intestine smooth. 

 In the stomach and mid-gut I found four large " thorns," 

 apparently the scales of the involucre of some composite plant 

 allied to the artichoke. It is surprising that they did not per- 

 forate the intestine and so cause death, but I suppose the 

 Parmacella is used to them. There are two salivary glands. 

 The liver is large and extremely complex ; I counted twenty-six 

 lobes of various sizes. 



The organ of respiration is very remarkable, and reminds 

 one of the lungs of certain lizards. There is an excellent 

 figure given by Simroth (' Jahrb. Mai. Ges.,' 1883, pi. i., fig. ii.) 

 of the same organ in the closely allied P. olivieri Cuv. 



Reproductive Organs. — The ' stylet ' is extremely curious, 

 it is well figured by Webb (' Mag. de Zool.,' 1836, pi. 76, fig. ii. 

 and fig V.) and by Simroth {loc. cit.). The Hermaphrodite gland 

 and duct are black, while the albumen gland and uterus are 

 brownish ochre. For other details see the figures by Simroth and 

 Moquin, which, although perhaps of different species, represent 

 all the important characters of the present form. 



