ttORSLEY : PkESIDENTIAL ADDRESS. ^1 



Our species virgata bears the name meaning striped, a term 

 applied by Da Costa to this member of the large group oi Pentatcfitia, 

 or five-banded shells. Its varietal names not already explained are 

 subaperta, somewhat open, i.e., with an umbilicus wider than usual ; 

 subglobosa, somewhat globular ; carinata, with a (peripheral) keel ; 

 lineata, marked with lines thinner than the usual bands ; lei/cosona, 

 with a white (peripheral) zone, the rest of the shell being dark violet ; 

 rufulozonata, with a reddish zone ; radiata, with bands broken up, so 

 as to give a rayed appearance from the apex downwards ; luiescens, 

 yellowish ; hypozotta, with bands only below the periphery ; epizona, 

 banded (or blotched) above the periphery, but white below ; subalbida, 

 the name given by Poiret to a variation not " rather whitish," but 

 with one band on a white shell ; albicans, growing white (the nucleus 

 is dark) ; var. alba is really white, including the apex. 



The subsection Helicella contains itala, i.e., Italian, so named by 

 Linne who probably received it first from Italy. Miiller's later name 

 oi ericetoriim (inhabiting heaths and downs) is more significant of its 

 usual habitat. Var. instabilis, i.e., fluctuating, not adhering to the 

 typical form in size, shape, or colour. Var. lentiginosa, not from 

 lens, a lentil, as L. E. Adams says in his glossary in his " Collector's 

 Manual," but from lentigo, a freckle, or a lentil-shaped spot. It has 

 freckle-like markings, radiating from the centre. 



The genus Candidula (members mainly whitish) is represented in 

 England by caperata, i.e., wrinkled, with a close and regular striation. 

 The name is derived from the late Latin verb capero, to wrinkle, which 

 probably was formed with reference to the wrinkled horns of a goat 

 {caper). Var. subscalaris is somewhat scalariform. Var. bizonalis 

 has two broad bands above the periphery. Var. ornata is orna- 

 mented with one such band. Var. obliterata has markings absent 

 or obliterated, translucent, but not coloured. Tiirricula means a little 

 tower. Our species is elegans. The type has a chocolate band on each 

 whorl ; the variety grisea, equally abundant, is yellowish grey. Well 

 established near Dover, and first found by Capt. Dakin, by whom 

 specimens were sent to me for identification. 



The genus Cochlicella (little shell) bears a Greek name with a Latin 

 diminutive termination. Its English representative, barhara, i.e., 

 foreign, is perhaps named from its being by origin not a northern 

 shell. It has various varieties, inflata, inflated in the last whorl ; 

 bizona, with two bands instead of the normal one on the last whorl ; 

 flammulata, like the last but with the bands interrupted so that the 

 markings are flame-like in shape ; strigata, which is supposed to mean 

 streaked. Vitruvius has the word strix — " a furrow or groove " — 

 from which comes the late Latin word strigatus, which however means 



