70 JOURNAi, OK CONCrtOLOGY, VOL. I4, NO. 3, JULY, igi,^-. 



sachusetts Bay, Verrill) ; Iceland ; coasts of Europe from I.ofoden 

 Islands to 50 deg. N., though not yet recorded from Behring Straits."^ 

 Dr. Pelseneer considers our species to be L. trochiformis D'Orb. and 

 not L. retroversa Flem. (while most \vriters treat them as synonyms) ; 

 that all records which mention the latter as having been found in 

 more southerly latitudes than 50 deg. N. are erroneous, and ought 

 to apply to L. trochiformis ; and that both species " have been 

 deplorably confused by Jeffreys, MacAndrew, VVeinkauff, A. Costa, 



Monterosato, &c Z. trocJiiformis differs from L. 



retroversa — (i) in the oval form of the mouth, which is rounded 

 anteriorly and has the columellar margin recurved to the left, in 

 contrast to L. retroversa, where the mouth is quadrangular, pointed 

 anteriorly, and with a rectilinear columellar margin; (2) in the 

 constant shortness of the spiral in proportion to its last whorl ; and (3) 

 in the formation of the operculum, in which the spiral portion is large 

 in /.. trochiformis, and very small in L. retroversa. 



var. macandreae F. & H. — -Jeffreys does not give any localities 

 for this variety, but as he says it "diverges insensibly from the 

 type," he may have meant that it was equally diffused, though I have 

 not found it so. The original record was "15 miles south of Mizen 

 Head, in the south of Ireland, several specimens," which has not 

 since been added to ; but I can now give the following localities — 

 Killala Bay (Miss Warren and J.T.M.); Flugga Light, N. Shetlands 

 (Simpson) ! Guernsey 22f., Scilly Islands 4of., Land's End, Eddystone 

 3of, the Minch 30-75^, West Orkneys 45f, East Shetlands i8f It 

 is figured in Sowerby's " Index," but much too slender ; Jeffreys' is 

 nearer the mark. 



The variety />^;-^j'jr/ of Forbes and Hanley is the immature stage of 

 a large typical specimen, founded on a single example from the 

 " British Channel," but which, according to Jeffreys, is an error for 

 "Bristol Channel," the true locality being Tenby. 



In 1886 Miss Amy Warren, of Ballina, found this species washing 

 ashore in Killala Bay; they were "in millions, and appeared like 

 froth." Some of these were comparatively large (t line by ij:), and 

 more discoid than usual. In 1896, on the same coast, Miss Warren 

 again found an immense deposit of these "ocean butterflies" cast 

 ashore for a mile along the tide-marks in a zone "varying in width 

 from a few inches to three feet, and heaped up in some places two 

 inches in depth, many of the shells containing the animal." Again, 

 Mr. Thomas Scott reports that " on the west coast [of Scotland] it 

 sometimes occurs in immense shoals, and at times forms a consider- 

 able part of the food of the herring. I have found the stomachs of 



I Pelseneer, ' Challeiigei-' Pteiopoda. part ii., p. 28. 



