BOWELL : NOTE ON RADULA OF PYRAMIDULA RUPESTRIS. 29I 



portion of this is a rounded and prominent mass, similar to that of 

 lapicida ; it is produced apically into a rather long cusp, the relative 

 size of this being decidedly greater than in lapicida. The admedians 

 follow the same design, but in these an ectocone gradually appears, 

 reaching its maximum development in the last admedian. In the 

 transitional or first external uncus, mesocone and ectocone are equal 

 in size. The admedian and central unci have subquadrate basal 

 plates, closely apposed and interlocked. The terminal cusps of the 

 mesocones overlap the next row to a considerable extent, but this is 

 only seen in adult specimens. The externals begin somewhat 

 abruptly, the mesocone plus endocone base giving place to an elong- 

 ated parallel-sided basal plate without apical or alar expansions. 

 From this arise the pectinated cones, in type similar to those found 

 in Vertigo and Pupa. Their character is established at the third 

 external. The pectinations are usually six on each uncus, but as 

 many as eight may sometimes be seen. They are frequently dissimilar 

 in successive rows. 



Postscript. — Since the above was written I have, through the 

 kindness of Mr. J. W. Jackson and Mr. E. Collier, been able to 

 examine the radulse of specimens of P. rupestris from Tenby (Pem- 

 brokeshire), Holker (Lancashire), Silverdale (Lancashire), Ravens- 

 dale (Derbyshire), Newmarket (Flint), Miller's Dale (Derbyshire), 

 Castleton (Derbyshire), Arnside (Westmorland), Hungary, Amalfi 

 (Italy), and from another unspecified Italian locality. In every case 

 the radula showed the characteristics of the Herefordshire specimen 

 described above. The specimen from Paignton (Devon) in the 

 Gwatkin Collection in the Manchester Museum is also of the same 

 type. 



OBITUARY NOTICE. 

 JAMES MADISON. 



[The following notice is compiled from information very kindly supplied by Mr. 

 P. T. Deakin, of Birmingham]. 



James Madison, whose membership of our Society dates back to 

 1884, was born in Birmingham in 1847. Being a delicate boy, he 

 had comparatively little schooling — a thing which was always a 

 matter of great regret to him — but subsequently he made up for 

 much of the loss by attending both elementary and advanced classes 

 at the Biimingham and Midkrd Institute, and won seveial piizes. 



