EAMILIES AND GENEBA OE THE MADEEPOEAEIA. 67 



unequal, not exsert, some united, granular at the sides, denticulate, 

 and often with a paliform tooth. Costse visible on the wall near 

 the calice especially. Epitheca absent. Dissepiments few and 

 distant. 



Distribution. — Recent. East Indies, Florida, Central America, 

 Panama Bay, east and west coasts of North America, Str. of Magel- 

 lan. — Fossil. Eocene : Europe, Borneo. Miocene : IN". America. 



There is no doubt that the species formerly classified with 

 Astrangia, and which are found in the Miocene or later Tertiaries 

 of the United States (eastern coast) vary in their method of gem- 

 mation. The corallites may entirely arise from the basal expan- 

 sion, or some may come from the angles between corallites, and 

 even from the wall anywhere below the calice. Some of these 

 buds are accidentally placed, and have no intimate union with the 

 parent ; but others appear to be true infracalicular gemmations. 

 Verrill has formed a subgenus Gcenangia for these forms and for 

 Astrangia Dance of the Virginian fauna. 



Subgenus CoENAiirGiA, Verrill, Notes on Radiata, p. 530 (1869). 



Syn. Pleiadia, Dana. 



Corallites united together laterally, forming small Astrcea- 

 like incrusting masses, sometimes rising into lobes in the middle. 

 Calicles angular and crowded. Septa without distinct paliferous 

 teeth at base, those of the last cycles curved towards and usually 

 united to those of preceding cycle. Columella small, scarcely 

 papillose. Budding between corallites and around or below cali- 

 cular margin. 



Distribution. — Recent. Guaymas ; E. coast N. America as far 

 north as Long Island Sound. — Fossil. Miocene : Maryland. 



Pleiadia, Dana, is not mentioned in Yerrill's revision of the 

 names of the genera used in the great work on Zoophytes, Wilkes 

 Expedition ; and Dana observes (' Corals and Coral Islands,' 1872, 

 p. 68) that it is synonymous with Astrangia. 



The genus RJiyllangia of Milue-Edwards and Jules Haime only 

 differs from Astrangia in having exsert septa, some of which are 

 not denticulate, others being so, with a smaller and more variable 

 columella. It is at the most only a subgenus. 



Subgenus Phtli^akgia, (genus) Milne-Edwards Sf Jules Saime, 

 Gompt. Rend, de VAcad. des Sci.t. xxvii. p. 497(1848); Verrill, 

 Notes on Radiata, p. 531. 

 Syn. Soplangia, Gosse. 



Colony incrusting, forming clusters of moderately large turbi- 



5* 



