TAMILIES AND &EN"EEA OF THE MADEEPOEARIA. 97 



shorter. Corallites united by their walls, which form superficial, 

 convex, radiating coUines, with the septo-costse on their flanks, and 

 crossing over the top, which is a semiridge. Septa denticulate, 

 not in distinct cycles, close, small, moderately unequal. Calices 

 indistinct. Columella absent. Costae bound the margin of the 

 base superiorly, being directed radially. 



Distribution. — Fossil. Cretaceous : North Africa, Europe ? 



Grenus HrnisroPHOEA, Milne-Edwards ^ Jules B.aime, Sist. Nat. 

 des Gorall. vol. ii. p. 419 (1857). 



Colony massive and largely adherent. Corallites in series, 

 united by their walls ; their surface-ridges are simple, stout, 

 compact, and their continuity is frequently, and often regularly, 

 interrupted, giving an appearance of monticules separated by 

 longitudinal and transverse valleys. Monticules marked with 

 prominent costsB. Calicinal centres indistinct. Columella absent. 

 Septa barely exsert, thin, rather close, denticulated, meeting those 

 of the opposite side of the series at their inner end, which is 

 slightly enlarged and bifurcate. Dentations strongest near the 

 axis of the valleys. Interseptal loculi rather deep. Endotheca 

 simple, nearly transverse. 



Distrihution. — Fossil. Cretaceous, Eocene, and Miocene : 

 Europe. Eocene, Miocene : Asia. — decent. Eed Sea, Indian 

 Ocean, Pacific. 



Grenus Montictilaste^a, Duncan, Fossil Corals and Alcyonaria" 

 ofSind, Pal. Ind. Ser. xiv. p. 87 (1880). 



Colony massive or foliated, sometimes pedunculate, irregular at 

 its upper surface, and the base is covered with crowded radiating 

 costse. Collines small, short or long, often very irregular and 

 costulate. Columella continuous around the colHnes, lamellar, 

 separating the septal ends. Endotheca highly developed. 



Distribution. — Fossil. Miocene : Sind, Asia. 



6. Subfamily Astrceidce agglomerates fissiparantes. 

 FaviacecB (pars), Milne-Edwards & Jules Haime, Hist. Nat. des 

 CoralL vol. ii. p. 426 (1857). 

 Astrseidse forming massive or incrusting colonies. Corallites 

 increasing by fissiparity, and sometimes by gemmation also, 

 united by costse or coenenchyma, or both, or by the walls only, 

 not forming long series, or non-serial. 



lEO". JO¥EF. — ZOOLOGY, TOL. XVIII. 7 



