FAMILIES AND GENEEA OF THE MADREPOEAEIA. 175 



II. Alliance BALANOPHYLLIOIDA. 



Eupsammidse with simple coralla, rarely budding, well-developed calices. 

 Columella variable ; and fully-developed septal orders. Oostse variable. 



Genus Balanophyllia, S. "Wood. 



Subgenus Thecopsammia, Pourtales. 

 Genus EuPSAMMiA, Ed. & H. 

 Genus Endopachys, Lonsdale. 

 Genus Heteropsammia, Ed. & H. 

 Thecopsammia, Pourtales, becomes a subgenus. 



G-enus Balanophyllia, Searles Wood, Ann. Sf Mag. Nat. Sist. 

 vol. xiii. p. 11 (1844), amended. 



Corallum simple, or budding around the base, but never form- 

 ing true colonies or dendroid masses ; fixed by a broad or narrow 

 base, or pedicellate and becoming free, very variable in sbape, and 

 may be turbinate, straight, or curved, subturbinate, conico-cylin- 

 drical, and curved. Calice elliptical, rarely circular, sometimes 

 deformed. Columella not projecting at the bottom of the calice, 

 variably developed — long, narrow, wide or large, and finelj 

 spongy. Septa thin, close, numerous, perforate near the wall, the 

 highest cycle curving towards the penultimate, and larger than 

 these ; granular at the sides, and joining by the granules. Wall 

 porous, variably stout. Costse well developed, distinct, subequal. 

 Epitheca present or absent. 



Distribution. — Fossil. Eocene : England and Europe. Miocene : 

 Europe. Pliocene : England and Europe. — Hecent. Mediter- 

 ranean, English Channel {B. regia), St. Helena, Madeira, Philip- 

 pines, Eiji, Japan, Corea, Chinese seas, Australian seas, California, 

 Caribbean Sea. 



Subgenus Thecopsammia, (genus) Pourtales, Deep-Sea Corals, 

 p. 43 (1871). 



Corallum simple, attached, pedunculate, turbinate, or subcylin- 

 drical. "Wall thick, very porous and vermiculated. Calice 

 slightly elliptical, deep. Septa well developed, not exsert, 

 granular ; those of the 4th and Stb orders bend towards the 

 tertiaries or unite in front of them. Columella papillose, porous 

 or sublamellar and compact, and forming three masses. Costse 



