184 PROF. p. MARTIK DUI^CAN's EETISIOK OF THE 



expanding, flat, corymbiform, or foliaceous, pedunculate or in- 

 crusting. Gemmation around tlie parent corallite and from the 

 side of other calicos. Coenenchyma abundant, spongy, reticulate, 

 spinulose, growing exogenously from the porous walls of the 

 corallites. Calicos variable in shape, projecting or immersed, but 

 never all so ; terminal calices, or some amongst the mass, longest 

 or largest (parents). Septa distinct, variable in solidity, two 

 opposite primaries largest and nearly meeting. Twelve tentacles, 

 and one larger than the others. No columella. An endotheea 

 may exist, which occasionally becomes tabulate. 



Distribution. — Fossil. Eocene : Europe, India. Oligocene : 

 England and Europe. Miocene : Europe ; Sind, Asia. — Recent. 

 Eed Sea, Indian Ocean, Oceania, Pacific, Caribbean Sea. 



Subgenus Isopoha, &tuder, Monatshericht der Konig. Freuss. 

 Akad. der Wiss. Berlin, 1878, p. 535 {Q-azelle Corals). 



Colony leaf-shaped or lobate. Calices equally prominent, and 

 distributed over the whole surface. The apical calices are wanting. 



Distribution. — Becent. Philippines. 



II. Alliance TURBINARIOIDA. 



Madreporidae in colonies, with' an abundant ccenenchyma between the 

 corallites, which is distinct from the mural structures, spongy and reticu- 

 late. Increase by gemmation. 



Genus Turbinaria, Oken. » 



Genus Astr^opora, Blainville. 



Genus Dendracis, Ed. & H. 



Genus Actinacis, d'Orbigny. 



Genus PALiEACis, Haime. 



Genus Prisciturben, Kunth. 



Genus Stylar^a, Seebach. 



Genus Titrbinaeia, OTcen, 1815 ; Milne- Edivards Sf Jules Haime, 

 Polyp, des terr. Paleoz. p. 141. 



The colony is usually crateriform or foliaceous and twisted. 

 There is an abundant ccenenchyma between the corallites, and it 

 is dense and also echinulate at the surface. The calices are more 

 or less projecting. The septa are nearly all of the same size ; and 

 there is a well-developed spongy columella. 



Distribution. — Fossil. Miocene of France, Sind, Asia. — Mecent. 

 Bed Sea, Indian Ocean, Pacific, 



