January 26, 1900.] 



SCIENCE. 



129 



but they continue fossiliferous to near the 

 surface of the granite. 



Waterbearing sands and gravels were 

 penetrated at a number of points, notably 

 at 380, 496, 520 and 574 feet ; and at 1011 

 the largest flow, of nearly 400 gallons per 

 minute, was encountered, with pressure es- 

 timated as sufficient to raise the column of 

 water 80 feet above the surface. Unfortu- 

 nately the water from each of these levels 

 was highly brackish, and hence unfit for 

 domestic use. 



The fossil forms secured at different 

 depths have been identified by Dr. T. W. 

 Stanton, of the United States Geological 

 Survey. The method used in sinking the 

 well is the ordinary drill and saud pump ; 

 and, as might be expected, in some cases 

 only fragments of shells were secured ; but 

 as the hole was of large diameter (12 inches 

 near the surface, then 10 inches, and lower 

 still, 8 inches) and the larger part of the 

 matrix material quite soft, a minimum 

 amount of drilling was needed ; and many 

 large fragments and many perfect forms 

 were obtained. 



Among the fossils secured from the upper 

 700 feet, classed as Ripley cretaceous, the 

 following may be mentioned : 



Cardium eufaulense Gabb, was found at 40 

 feet and 538-558 feet, and fragments of 

 this or another Cardium were found also 

 at 50, 485-490, 520-540 and 556-575 feet 

 below the surface. 



Anomia argentaria Morton, was also com- 

 mon, having been obtained at frequent in- 

 tervals from 40 to 600 feet ; and fragments 

 of an Anomia, too small for specific classi- 

 fication, were also found 800 to 900 feet be- 

 low the surface. 



Exogyra costaia Say, was abundant 

 throughout the upper half of the section ; 

 and below 500 feet a varietal form of this 

 species, approaching Exogyra ponderosa Roe- 

 mer in surface feature, was found almost to 

 the granite. 



Ostrea tecticosta Gabb, was common from 

 230 to 650 feet; and 0. larva Lamarck, from 

 250 to 330 feet ; and fragments secured at 

 518 feet probably belonged to one of these 

 species. 0. subspatulata Lyell & Forbes, 

 was found only between 332 and 380 feet. 

 Throughout the entire section, however, 

 were found numerous fragments of Ostrea 

 too imperfect to serve for specific determi- 

 nations. Veleda lintea Conrad, and Aphro- 

 dina tippana Conrad (?) were found only at 

 340 to 500 feet. Baroda Garolmensis Conrad, 

 and Cyprimeria depressa Conrad, were found 

 only between 332 and 380 feet ; and frag- 

 ments of Pecten were found at 40 to 50 feet. 



Gryphaea vesicularis Lamarck, was found 

 at 250 to 265, and 720 to 735 feet (?) ; and 

 Inoeeramus cripsii Man tell, at 575 to 585 

 feet and probably also at 500 to 518 feet. 

 Unrecognized species of Avicida or Gervil- 

 lia were obtained at 390 to 400 feet ; Cor- 

 bula at 492 feet ; Pectunculus 520 to 540 feet, 

 and Lunatia 520 to 590 feet ; LitJwphagus 

 540 to 560 feet. 



Cassididus sicbquadratus Conrad, was ob- 

 served at 518 to 538 feet, and echinoid 

 spines and fragments of the same or allied 

 species were also found at 100 to 170 feet. 

 Sharks teeth, fish vertebrae, fragments of 

 turtle shell, lignite and pyrite were found 

 at intervals in the section. 



Below 720 feet, and down to the granite 

 (1109 feet) Ostrea cretacea Morton, which in 

 the Chattahoochee river section is confined 

 to the Eutaw beds, is here quite common ; 

 and is accompanied at intervals by Anomia 

 Exogyra, Cardium and Serpida, the speci- 

 mens collected being in each case too frag- 

 mental to permit of specific determination. 

 This lower 400 feet of the Wilmington sec- 

 tion has been classed by Stanton as Eutaw ; 

 and it is possibly the seaward representa- 

 tive of the Potomac arkose sands and clays 

 of the sand-hill region northwest of Fayette- 

 ville, should these sands and clays prove 

 to represent the latest Potomac. It is more 



