142 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XI. No. 265. 



The broad terrane hypothesis regarding 

 the extent of the Newark formation receives 

 material support by this investigation, 

 which shows that an irregular block of the 

 Kewark has been depressed below the level 

 of the crystalline gneisses, so as to be by 

 them protected from the abrasion of the ice 

 of the glacial period. The system of fault- 

 ing within the area furnishes many analogies 

 with the cleavage of a crystal, the explana- 

 tion of which is doubtless to be found in a 

 probably strained condition of the area, due 

 to the removal of support from below just 

 previous to the time when the dislocations 

 occurred. 



The paper was illustrated by lantern 

 slides. 



It was followed without discussion by the 

 next title, lunch however, intervening. 



THE KIVEE SYSTEM OF CONNEOTICUT. 



William Heebeet Hobbs, Madison, Wis. 



This paper is closely related to the pre- 

 ceding paper. The system of faults there 

 observed was found to have determined the 

 troughs in which flow the streams of the 

 district. 



The attempt has now been made to as- 

 certain if the river system of the state indi- 

 cates, throughout, the existence of similar 

 troughs. A carefully prepared map based 

 upon the recent topographical map of Con- 

 necticut by the U. S. Geological Survey, 

 shows that all the master streams, together 

 with their numerous tributaries, flow in 

 troughs which correspond closely in direc- 

 tion with the fault directions of the Pompe- 

 raug Valley system, and with two additional 

 closely related directions. The individual 

 troughs can generally be followed into ad- 

 jacent states, but no attempt has been made 

 to determine their full extent. Some indi- 

 cation of a regularity in the spacing of the 

 parallel troughs is aiforded by the map. 



The inference from these facts is that the 

 entire area of the state of Connecticut (and 



presumably a considerably larger area) has 

 been deformed by faulting in much the same 

 manner as that of the Pomperaug Valley. 



The paper was illustrated by a map and 

 by lantern slides. 



B. K. Emerson remarked the continua- 

 tion of these faults to the north into Massa- 

 chusetts. H. B. Kiimmel inquired about 

 the fault scarps and whether the cliffs shown 

 in the views were the result of hard and soft 

 beds. The author replied that they were 

 eroded fault scarps. J. F. Kemp remarked 

 the close correspondence of the phenomena 

 in general with others in the Adirondacks 

 and raised the question of the age of the 

 northwest series as shown by the diversion 

 of the Connecticut at Middletown. W. M. 

 Davis discussed the general influence of 

 faults in the early drainage, but thought that 

 they would not be so influential in later 

 time. He also remarked the possible ef- 

 ects of the mantle of Cretaceous strata 

 which may have covered Connecticut. The 

 effect of drift was cited in influencing the 

 course of the rivers. He also felt that the 

 faults were too rectilinear for natural cases. 

 E,. D. Salisbury raised the question of the 

 possible connection of the direction of glacial 

 striae with the rivers. Dr. Hobbs replied 

 that there seemed no apparent one. H. W. 

 Turner inquired whether the faults might 

 not be so recent as to have had influence. 

 Dr. Hobbs admitted its probability and 

 cited the reversal of the Pomperaug by a 

 block of gneiss. In general the paper ex- 

 cited the greatest interest, but the feeling 

 seemed to be, that too many and closely re- 

 lated fault systems were carried over the 

 state, and that too great emphasis was not 

 to be placed on the correspondence of the 

 rivers here and there with them. 



JURASSIC ROCKS OF S. E. WYOMING. 



Wilbur C. Knight, Laramie, Wyo. 

 This paper reviews the early history of 

 the Jurassic investigations in Wyoming 



