436 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XI. No. 272. 



largely, partly by the better nutrition of the 

 well-paid man and his improved strength and 

 spirits and ambition. He states that the engi- 

 neers building the railway from Paris to Rouen 

 made the experiment of furnishing the same 

 nourishing and plentiful diet to their French 

 laborer as was demanded by and habitually 

 supplied to the Englishman working beside 

 him, with the result that, after a short time, the 

 product of the two men became the same. The 

 four cases above were selected from among es- 

 tablishments doing substantially the same sort 

 of work and marketing practically the same 

 quality of product. 



"On ne pent expliquer ces faits que par la 

 productivite elevee de I'ouvrier americain qui 

 possede plus d'activit6, plus de vigilance, plus 

 d'application au travail que ses concurrents. II 

 est eflfectivement place dans des conditions su- 

 p6rieure au point de vue materiel, intellectuel 

 et moral." 



Raukine, in his ' Prime Movers,' makes sub- 

 stantially the same enunciation of a principle, 

 recognized by every experienced manager of 

 works, when, referring to the physical working 

 effect of men and beasts, he states that the daily 

 product depends upon the "health, strength, 

 activity and disposition of the individual," and 

 on the " abundance and quality of food and air, 

 the climate, and other external conditions." 

 R. H. Thtjeston. 



SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS. 

 Me. Dean C. Worcester, assistant professor 

 of zoology and curator of the Zoological Mu- 

 seum at the University of Michigan, has been 

 appointed a member of the new Philippine Com- 

 mission. Professor Bernhard Moses, of the 

 chair of political economy of the University of 

 California, has also been appointed a member of 

 the Commission. 



The Paris Academy of Sciences has elected 

 as foreign correspondents. Dr. C. Zittel, profes- 

 sor of paleontology in the University of Munich, 

 and Professor Wilhelm Pfeffer, professor of 

 botany at the University at Leipzig. 



Dr. a. Smith Woodward, of the Depart- 

 ment of Geology of the British Museum, will 



visit the United States in the spring to study the 

 cretaceous vertebrates in American museums. 



Mr. J. B. WooDWORTH, instructor in geology 

 at Harvard University, has been appointed as- 

 sistant on the New York Geological Survey to 

 study glacial features of New York. Mr. 

 Woodworth will begin his studies in the lower 

 Hudson Valley in the season of 1900. 



Professor O. C. Faerington, of the Field 

 Columbian Museum, has been appointed on the 

 staff of the Commissioner General of the United 

 States to the Paris Exposition, and will spend 

 two months in Paris supervising the installation 

 of the United States mineralogical exhibit. 



Dr. Edward Ehlers, of Copenhagen, will go 

 next month to Crete to make arrangements for 

 the segregation of the lepers on the island. 

 There are about 2000 of these and they will be 

 placed on a small island off the north coast. 



It is announced in Nature that Dr. C. L. 

 Griesbach, the director of the Geological Survey 

 of India, has gone for a tour in the famine dis- 

 tricts of the Central Provinces, Bombay and 

 Rajputana, with a view to examining into the 

 practicability of sinking artesian wells. 



The Faculty of Medicine, of Wiirzburg, has 

 awarded its Rinecke Prize of 1000 Marks and a 

 silver medal to Professor J. v. Kries, for his 

 researches in physiology. 



The adjudicators of the Hopkins prize. Uni- 

 versity of Cambridge, for the period of 1891-94, 

 have awarded the prize to W. D. Niven, M.A., 

 F.R.S., formerly Fellow of Trinity, for his 

 memoir on ' Ellipsoidal Harmonics ' {Philosoph- 

 ical Transactions, 1891) and other valuable con- 

 tributions to applied mathematics. 



We regret to record the death of Dr. Oliver 

 Payson Hubbard, in New York City, on March 

 9th. He was born in Pomfret, Conn., iu 1809 

 and graduated from Yale University in 1828. 

 He acted as assistant to the elder Silliman 

 whose daughter he married. He was appointed 

 professor in Dartmouth College in 1836, having 

 charge of chemistry and geology, and has since 

 1883 been emeritus professor. Dr. Hubbard 

 was one of the founders of the American Asso- 

 ciation for the Advancement of Science. 



Professor F. L. Harvey, who held the 



