634 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XI. No. 277. 



per tubes, bone pipes and others. There are 

 also stone urn-shaped bowls, stone bowls with 

 thong holes, antler pipes, fossil pipes, various 

 kinds of trade pipes, brazed iron pipes, toma- 

 hawk and monitor pipes. The feathered cal- 

 umet pipe of the West looks artistic and attrac- 

 tive, and the vase-shaped Micmac pipe has at 

 least the merit of curiosity. 



The author has with consummate industry 

 collected passages referring to pipes and smok- 

 ing in the historians of past centuries and given 

 his ideas about the formation of types in smok- 

 ing implements. There are but few articles of 

 Indian manufacture that will give a clearer idea 

 of the artistic sense or genus in fashioning ruder 

 material than pipes, although they all manifest 

 that they originated in the stage of barbarism. 

 Probably the oldest instance, historically trace- 

 able, is the richly dressed shaman or chief rep- 

 resented upon the Palenque tablet of Chiapas 

 state, who makes use of a long tubular pipe to 

 produce a huge cloud of smoke issuing at the 

 wider end, and seems to enjoy the smoking in- 

 tensely, to judge from his very characteristic 

 grimaces. This bas-relief is reproduced in Mc- 

 Guire's publication ; he thinks that the use 

 of tobacco for snuffing was peculiar to South 

 America, and the habit of chewing is but seldom 

 and indistinctly referred to in any part of this 

 western world. 



A. 8. G. 



SCIENTIFIC NOTES AND NEWS. 



The Prussian Budget, which has passed to a 

 second reading, contains an appropriation of 

 7,300,000 Marks, for the purchase of lands in 

 Berlin, on which is to be erected a building for 

 the Academy of Sciences and the Royal Library. 

 The value of the land is estimated at over 11,- 

 000,000 Marks, but about 3,000,000 Marks is 

 obtained by the exchange of other property, 

 and 1,000,000 Marks is to be appropriated next 

 year. 



At a meeting of the Royal Institution, Lon- 

 don, on April 2d, it was announced that the 

 managers had that day awarded the Actonial 

 Prize of 100 guineas to Sir William Huggins, 

 F.E.S., and Lady Huggins for their work ' An 

 Atlas of Representative Stellar Spectra.' The 

 special thanks of the members were returned to 



Mrs. West and Mrs. F. Colenso for their present 

 of a portrait of their father, the late Sir Edward 

 Franklin, F.E.S. , professor of chemistry at the 

 Royal Institution from 1863 to 1868. 



Dr. Rudolph Amadeus Philippi the natur- 

 alist, professor in the University of Chili at 

 Santiago, has celebrated the seventieth anni- 

 versary of his doctorate. Congratulatory ad- 

 dresses have been forwarded from the German 

 Botanical Society and the Medical Faculty of 

 the University of Berlin. 



Dr. O. Burger, titular professor of the Uni- 

 versity of Gottingen, has been appointed director 

 of the zoological division of the National Mu- 

 seum at Santiago and professor in the university. 



Me. John C. Hammond has been appointed 

 assistant in the Nautical Almanac office, con- 

 nected with the United States Naval Observa- 

 tory, Washington, D. C. 



Dr. William P. Wilson, director of the 

 Philadelphia Commercial Museums, has gone to 

 San Francisco to assist in the establishment of 

 the Pacific Commercial Museum. 



Professor Oscar Bolza, of the University 

 of Chicago, has sailed from New York for 

 Naples. He expects to be abroad for nine 

 months pursuing mathematical investigations in 

 a university town. 



Professor F. Wohltmann, of Bonn, has 

 been commissioned by the German government 

 to proceed to Africa to make agricultural studies 

 in the Cameroon District. 



The Michigan Academy of Sciences held 

 its annual meeting at Lansing, on March 29th 

 and 30th. The president, Professor Jacob 

 Reighard, gave an address on ' The Biolog- 

 ical Sciences and the People.' 



Professor Edward L. Nichols, of Cornell 

 University, will deliver the first annual ad- 

 dress to the honorary scientific society of 

 Sigma Xi at Kansas University during the 

 commencement week in June. 



Professor John M. Coulter, who has 

 recently returned to Chicago after a long stay 

 in Washington, addressed the Botanical Club 

 on April 10th on the present work of the Wash- 

 ington botanists. 



Mr. M. a. Barber, associate professor of 



