736 



SCIENCE. 



[N. S. Vol. XI. No. 280. 



OPPORTUNITIES FOB BIOLOGICAL STUDY IN 



PARIS AND TSE REQUIREMENTS FOR 



TBE NEW DOCTORATE. 



It is not probable that many Americans, 

 going to France for study in science, will 

 think of locating elsewhere than in Paris. 

 For while there are fourteen French uni- 

 versities outside of Paris, most of them 

 well equipped for scientific work and hold- 

 ing the names of eminent men in their fac- 

 ulties, yet Paris with her numerous sci- 

 entific institutions, with her unsurpassed 

 facilities for research, with her array of 

 famous biologists, shines with a refulgence 

 which draws the eyes from the rest of 

 France. But the scientific life of Paris is 

 not and ought not to be the only attraction 

 for the student seeking foreign study. The 

 stores of art, the libraries, the historical 

 associations, the political heart of the 

 French Republic are all attractive to the 

 enquiring American, and should each leave 

 its impress upon him. 



A very brief description of the institu- 

 tions in Paris offering opportunites for bio- 

 logical study will indicate to some degree 

 the extent of the field, which is as free to 

 foreigners as to native Frenchmen. These 

 institutions are five in number : the Univer- 

 sit}', the College of France, the Museum of 

 Natural History, the Pasteur Institute, the 

 School for Higher Studies. All of these 

 with the exception of the Pasteur Institute 

 are to a greater or less extent controlled 

 and supported by the Goverment. 



I. THE UNIVERSITY OF PARIS. 



The school of letters and of pure science 

 of the University is denominated the Sor- 

 bonne. The buildings of the Sorbonne 

 have been reconstructed and greatly ex- 

 tended during the past decade, so that the 

 new Sorbonne is now composed of an im- 

 mense collection of beautiful auditoriums 

 and laboratories, all in a compact but well- 

 lighted mass, located in the heart of the 



city, in the midst of the famous Latin 

 Quarter. The laboratories are well ap- 

 pointed, displaying the usual equipment of 

 modern institutions of a like nature. Stu- 

 dents here, as in other countries, receive 

 the attention of the director of the labora- 

 tory, and the aid of a corps of subordinates. 

 In botany, the professors are Bonnier and 

 Daguillon ; in zoology, Lacaze-Duthiers, 

 Delage, and Perrier ; in physiology, Dastre. 



Besides the Sorbonne, there are two in- 

 stitutes belonging to the University, pri- 

 marily professional, but doing a consid- 

 erable amount of purely scientific work. 

 These are the Medical School and the 

 Pharmacy School. The former has its 

 buildings five minutes' walk to the north 

 of the Sorbonne. Among the famous names 

 in its faculty may be mentioned that of 

 the physiologist Langlois. 



The School of Pharmacy is nearly a mile 

 to the south of the Sorbonne, occupies a 

 beautiful site on the Avenue de I'Observa- 

 toire, and has fine buildings and a flourish- 

 ing botanic garden of about one acre in 

 extent in the court of the quadrangle. 

 The school is attended by over 1700 stu- 

 dents, this number being nearly equal to 

 the number of students in letters at the 

 Sorbonne, and also equal to the number in 

 pure science. The professor of botany at 

 the School of Pharmacy is Guignard, well 

 known to American students for his con- 

 tributions to vegetable cytology. 



Should the studeiit desire to pursue his 

 study of biology during the summer, he 

 may follow Bonnier to Fontainebleau or re- 

 sort under other professors to one of the 

 marine stations. 



II. THE COLLEGE OF FRANCE. 



In a square adjoining the Sorbonne is the 

 College de France, with an organization 

 independent of the University, yet working 

 in harmony with it. This institution has 

 its own lecture rooms, laboratories, and 



