May 11, 1900.] 



SCIENCE. 



737 



faculties, and its professors are equally 

 famous with those of the University. Bot- 

 any is not included in the curriculum of 

 the College, but in zoology there are Bal- 

 biani and Ranvier, and in experimental 

 psychology, Eibot. 



III. THE MUSEUM OF NATURAL HISTORY. 



To the biologist, of perhaps greater in- 

 terest than the Sorbonne, or the College de 

 France, is the so-called Museum of ISTatural 

 History. It is probably unnecessary to say 

 that this noted institution is a great in- 

 closure of approximately seventy acres, 

 containing auditoriums, laboratories, mu- 

 seums, a zoological garden, and a botanic 

 garden. The enclosure is more commonly 

 known as the Jardin des Plantes. It is 

 located on the South bank of the Seine, 

 only ten minutes' walk from Notre- Dame. 

 This spot is consecrated by the memories 

 of such great men as Bufibn, Jussieu, La- 

 marck, De Candolle, Cuvier and Milne- 

 Edwards pere. Its laboratories are to-day 

 well directed by Van Tieghem, Bureau, 

 Bornet, Deherain, and Maquenne in botany, 

 by Milne-Edwards fils, Vaillant, Bouvier, 

 and Perrier in zoology, and by Grehant in 

 general physiology. Besides the three sub- 

 jects just named, the Jardin does work also 

 in anthropology, geology and mineralogy. 

 The roll of the scientific staff bears twenty 

 names. 



The opportunities for biological study 

 here are unsurpassed. It is true that both 

 the zoological and the botanical gardens 

 come to have a shabby aspect in a dry 

 summer, and suffer for lack of water, and 

 the plants in the glass-houses are so crowded 

 that they are unhealthy from insufficient 

 light. But the living plants and animals 

 are so numerous and accessible, the mu- 

 seums are so extensive, the laboratories are 

 so adequate, and the library so full, that an 

 investigator may be assured of all that 

 equipment can supply. The museums of 



zoology and of comparative anatomy are 

 probably the best in existence. The mount- 

 ing and the grouping of the objects are ele- 

 gant and effective. 



IV. THE PASTEUR INSTITUTE. 



The Institut Pasteur is located a mile or 

 more to the west of the Sorbonne. In the 

 present Institute, Pasteur did not live long to 

 enjoy hisenlarged quarters. Hisfamous dis- 

 coveries were made in a little building still 

 standing in Eue d'Ulm near the Pantheon. 

 In 1888 the present laboratory was opened, 

 but Pasteur died in 1895. His tomb rests 

 in a crypt beneath the building. The 

 present Institute has already proved itself 

 too small, and there is now nearing com- 

 pletion across the street an annex, larger 

 than the present laboratory, and costing 

 $400,000. This Institute is preeminently 

 for investigation in bacteriology, fermenta- 

 tion, and biological chemistry, and for the 

 preparation of serum for the prevention of 

 disease. One will find in this great Insti- 

 tute excellent provision for research, yet 

 not great complexity of means. Here 

 work Duclaux, Roux, Chamberland, and 

 Metchnikoff, names well known to bi- 

 ologists. 



V. THE SCHOOL FOE HIGHER STUDIES. 



The Ecole Pratique des Hautes-Etudes is 

 sui generis. This institution has no build- 

 ings of its own, but designates noted men 

 anywhere in Paris, and in some marine 

 laboratories, as members of its faculty. 

 All its work is that of the seminar and 

 the laboratory. Some of its professors are 

 men with private laboratories, while some 

 receive students in their own homes. The 

 work of this institution is gratuitous to the 

 student, and no degrees are conferred. 

 The organization attempts to make avail- 

 able for research all the public and private 

 resources of the great city. For its work 

 in biology, it designates as its professors, 

 the professors in the University, in the 



