DE. J. MUEIE ON THE FORM AND STRUCTUEE OF THE MANATEE. 171 



coloured, thickish, tough material — mouths of gastric glands being promiscuously 

 scattered throughout its surface. A considerable median area has few folds ; and this 

 smoother space with increment of muscular walls gives the cavity a gizzard-like cha- 

 racter. The folds of the greater end are chiefly longitudinal, and at the lesser end 

 increase and interdigitate more. The large cardiac diverticular gland is thumb- 

 shaped or cylindrical, and perforated in its long axis by a compressed central channel 

 with side pockets and sacculi, which wend obliquely and irregularly upwards. With 

 the latter there are connected short secondary recesses into which the mouths of innu- 

 merable small flask-shaped glands open. Thus in longitudinal section this secerning 

 apparatus has a dendritic appearance, whilst cut transversely it exhibits radii whose 

 limbs are highly convoluted. The glands secrete abundantly a viscid creamy substance, 

 as in the Rhytina and Dugong ; but unlike them, as Steller and Owen mention, the 

 passages contained no parasitic worms. 



The subequal smaller-sized tubular appendages or comua, which may be regarded as 

 second and third accessory gastric cavities, are situate above and on either side of the 

 further extremity of the lessser curve of the first stomach. Their parietes are only 

 moderately thick, their internal coat chiefly thrown into longitudinal folds; and the 

 two chambers, by thick-walled passages, end together in a pouting enlargement (com- 

 parable to the OS uteri) at the summit of the fourth gastric compartment. The latter, 

 elongate and intestiniform, possesses a series of softish, florid, mucous plications abun- 

 dantly glandular, and sinuously longitudinal and furcate. The pylorus is a firm ring. 

 The duodenum has a moderate expansion and a relatively smooth inner coat for several 

 inches ; the pancreatic and common bile-ducts enter wide apart. 



The empty small intestines have an average diameter of rather over half an inch ; and 

 their muscular coat is uncommonly thick. In the female their length is 25 feet, and in 

 the younger male 24 feet 4 inches. Valvule conniventes are absent; but commencmg 

 near the duodenal loop in the circumference of the gut are five or six longitudinal mucous 

 ridges, which, with sinuous lines, continue straight on as far as the ileum. Between 

 these are short transverse interdigitations and corresponding depressions. Each short 

 Peyer's patch is from | to 1 inch apart ; and, besides being distributed in an opposite 

 zigzag manner as obtains in Ilalicore, they follow straight lines in the long furrows. 

 In the ileum the longitudinal rugse frequently fork and pass obliquely to each other ; 

 and the short spurs from these enclose in profusion scattered loculi and glands of 

 Lieberkuhn. The ileo-csecal orifice is guarded by a powerful tumid muscular sphincter ; 

 and there is a pouched ileo-colic agminate gland resemblmg that of the Girafle and 

 Hippopotamus. The ceecal appendages are thick-walled, ridged, glandular within, and 

 outwardly look like a pair of conical teats. Lengths 1^ and If inch and 0-65 inch 

 in diameter, and their roots 1 inch from the ileo-cscal valve. At the commencement 

 of the colon there is a dilatation for a couple of inches or so, with a diameter of above 

 three and a half inches distally, where it is constricted; and then follows a second, but 



