DR. J. MURIE 0\ THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 



255 



The representative of stylo-pharyngeus arises from the stylohyal close to its cranial 

 articulation, therefore with almost a squamous origin. It widens in its oblique or 

 nearly transverse course as it approaches the pharyngeal constrictors, with which its 

 fibres mingle. 



A superior constrictor is said to be absent in the Piked Whale ' ; and Macalister^ 

 regards the postnarial sphincter of Globiceps as a displaced representative of the levator 

 palati muscle. From my examination of several Cetaceans I am convinced that the 

 elevator and sphincter of the pharjaix is but a modification of constrictor superior, 

 though the distinctly longitudinal fibres may be worthy of a separate name ; for I could 

 make out, besides, a differentiated levator and tensor palati. The levator muscle covers 

 the interspace of the ptei-ygoid plates and the Eustachian enlargement; it is fleshy 

 forwards on the palate, narrows posteriorly, and is fixed fibro-tendinously near the 

 tympanic region {vide fig. 30, Lagenorhynchus). The circumflex or tensor palati is 

 somewhat mingled with the last. 



Stannius^ points out in Phoccena a thyreo-pharyngeus as coming from the inferior horn 

 of the thyroid cartilage and going downwards to the pharynx. Possibly it may be 

 equivalent to Carte and MacaUster's kerato-pharyngeus\ If such a band exists in 

 Globiocephalus, it is evidently part and parcel of the constrictor. 



To illustrate a characteristic view seldom* given of vertebrates, but one most useful 



A longitudinal vertical section through the body of a male PoiiJoise (P. communis), slightly to the left of the 

 median line, and with the Tiscera &o. retained nearly in their natural positions. 



fy, m.indibular symphysis; fo, tongue; an arrow leads in the direction of the oral cavity; jfa, palate; «6, nasal blubber; sp, 

 spiracular cavity, exhibiting its upper corrugated pouches and the ileshy narial passage, continued by an arrow and dotted 

 line ; gl, glottis, thrust upwards through pharyngeal cavity ; ff, oesophagus ; tr, trachea ; ce, cerebrum ; cl, cerebellum ; 

 cv. cervical vertebrx ; Ig, lung : h, heart ; li, liver ; st, stomach ; d, duodenum ; dp, diaphragm ; om, omentum ; i, intes- 

 tines ; k, kidney ; i^pr, suprarenal body ; t, testicle ; a, anus ; nm, uterus masculinus, a style has been passed through the 

 smaller external orifice of the male mammary cleft, above and forwards, from which the rudimentary male iiterine vesicle 

 is situated ; h, urinary bladder ; p, penis, within its sheath ; «, umbilicus. 



■ PhU. Trans. 1868, p. 245. = P. Z. S. 1867, p. 479. ' MiiU. Archiv, 1849, p. 10. ' Memoir, p. 2.35. 



' Vrolik has produced a side view of the viscera of Hyperoodon, 1. c. pi. sii. fig. 41. In it the ribs are left 

 in place, but in front the section of brain and mouth are not displayed ; this remark applies to Burmcister'.s 

 Epiodon, pi. 16. fig. 4 (cited iu footnote anted, p. 235). In Huxley's ' Lectures on the Elements of Comparative 

 Anatomy,' 1864, and RoUeston's 'Forms of Animal Life,' 1870, there are some good diagrammatic generalized 

 ideas of longitudinal sections ; but they lack precise anatomical data. 



