276 DE. J. MTmrE ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING "WHALE. 



Macalister suggests is the short variety of Wood'. In ray specimen it arose from the 

 coracoid process, passed downwards, overlapping partially the supraspinatus and sub- 

 scapularis insertion. Strengthening the capsular ligament of the shoulder-joint, it is 

 fixed into the inner process of the humerus. 



The remainder of the forearm and manus, on both its surfaces, was clad with 

 glistening, flat, tendinous material, as delineated in figs. 63 & 70. This divided below, 

 supplying the several digits. I did not detect muscular fasciculi proximally, though it 

 is possible these may have existed. Certainly in this specimen, as in Macalister's, 

 distinct flexors and extensors of the limb were wanting, unless indeed the aponeurotic- 

 like fasciculi represented them. In B. rostrata^ and B. musculus^ five competent 

 observers record them. In these two Whalebone species an extensor communis, a 

 flexor carpi radialis, a flexor ulnaris, a palmaris longus, a flexor sublimis, and a flexor 

 profundus digitorum are severally mentioned. 



2. Muscles acting on the Trunk and Tail. — Although there is considerable diflBculty 

 in pointing out the lines of demarcation of the several muscles composing the erector 

 spinas, I shall nevertheless treat them seriatim. 



Lying upon the tips of the transverse processes of the dorsal vertebrae, and covering 

 tlie heads of the ribs, the sacro-lumbalis has muscular attachments to all the former, 

 and tendino-fleshy slips to the whole of the latter. Continued posterior to the ribs, it 

 ends pointedly at the side of the lumbo-caudal region, in a line with the genital fissure. 

 The anterior continuation of the sacro-lumbalis has been termed cervicalis ascendens, or 

 descendens in other Mammals. Here in the Caaing Whale a part of the former suffi- 

 ciently merits the latter appellation. It is the more fleshy of the two. It has attach- 

 ments to the transverse processes of the more or less coalesced cervical vertebrae, and 

 specially to the atlas ; moreover it proceeds with the nuchal continuation of the longis- 

 simus dorsi to the cranium, and is fastened partly by tendon to the upper part of the 

 paramastoid. 



Longissimus dorsi and spinalis dorsi are most intimately bound up together in 

 the dorsal region, forming a long but enormous fleshy mass, interwoven spinally and 

 costally with tendinous fascia. That which may be considered equivalent to a trans- 

 versalis cervicis commences by a short, strong tendon at the paramastoid. Immediately 

 becoming fleshy and thick, it ascends posteriorly on the side of the neck to the anterior 

 dorsal region, and is lost in the combined longissimus and spinalis dorsi. Where the 

 body posteriorly begins to narrow, a division of the two latter is perceptible. Here- 

 abouts a superficial tendon passes obliquely upwards and backwards from the outer 

 longissimus to the inner spinalis. A little way behind, another bridge of two oblique 

 tendons similarly crosses, and immediately posterior to this five more, which together 

 unite into a strong cord, wrapt one within the other {vide diagrams figs. 59, 60, & 63). 

 Meanwhile from each muscle there is continued posteriorly, quite to the end of the 



' Paper citLd. ' Carte and Macalister, Memoir, p. 228 ; Perrin, P. Z. S. 1870, p. 814, figs. 1 & 2. 



^ Flower, P. Z. S. 1865, p. 705 ; and Struthers, Journ. of Anat. 1871, p. 110. 



