282 DE. J. MTTRIE ON THE ORaANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 



I distinguished two scaleni, a scalenus anticus and scalenus posticus. The fonner 

 springs from the first rib and its sternal cartilage, where it is fleshy and broad ; passing 

 forwards it was inserted by a powerful tendon into the basiocciput, outside the rectus 

 anticus major. The latter has a first costal origin, but not quite to the cartilage ; 

 anteriorly it is attached to the transverse process of the axis. I found precisely the 

 same arrangement in Lcujenorhijnchus^ both divisions being strong. Macalister records 

 in G. svinevaV- a scalenus anticus attached to first rib and upper cervical vertebrae, and 

 a scalenus medius and scalenus posticus conjoined, from first and second ribs to upper 

 cervical transverse and spinous processes. But he suggests that one of the latter " was 

 probably the germ of the serratus posticus superior, which otherwise was not visible." 

 He and his colleague mention only a scalenus anticus in BalcBiioptera. Meckel °, 

 Rapp, and Stannius agree in there being two scaleni in FJwccena. 



Sterno-mastoid, origin inner end of manubrium, outside the large sterno-thyroid ; 

 insertion by a strong tendon into the paramastoid along with the cephalo-humeral. 

 Although in Globiceps it appears but a single muscle, yet there is a tendency to 

 duplicity, inasmiich as the anterior portion rolls round posteriorly, and with what 

 seems almost a separate deep tendon fixed to the manubrium. A double head, viz. 

 from the sternum and cartilages of two costse, obtains in the Piked Whale'. Cuvier* 

 and MeckeP allude also to a cleido-mastoid in the Porpoise. 



4. Muscles connected ivith Neck and Head. — What doubtless answers to the splenius, 

 although it may include complexus, I find, in the Caaing Whale, to be a muscle of a most 

 powerful character and of enormous size. The dorsal attachment is from the eleventh 

 or twelfth vertebra ; continuing thick and fleshy and widening, the muscles of opposite 

 sides are fastened cranially the whole breadth of the exoccipitals. In the Porpoise* it 

 springs aponeurotically from the first dorsal sjiine, and terminates in a squamal tendon. 



A trachelo-mastoid, according to my reading, obtains in a narrow longitudinal bundle 

 arising from the transverse processes of the four anterior dorsals, and, running for- 

 wards, is fused anteriorly with the short oblique. Macalister gives the first cervical to 

 the junction of the e.xoccipital and paramastoid as its attachments in his specimen 

 of Globiocephalus'' . In Balcenoptera it is double-headed ; one from the first dorsal, the 

 other from the sides of three or four posterior cervicals, a vascular plexus divides these ; 

 cranially inserted into masto-squamoid. Although Meckel names such a Cetacean 

 muscle, he confounds it with splenius capitis. Not mentioned by Eapp and Stannius. 



The ordinarily small-sized, short, deep muscles of the neck in this Whale are of 

 inordinate proportions, save the longus colli. The two pairs of recti postici are consi- 

 derably interwoven. Occipitally they cover the whole surface of the bone below the 

 inferior curved line, and thence extend to atlas' and axis. Stannius^ unites under one 



' P. Z. S. 1867, p. 481, and woodcut, p. 478. » Anat. Comp. ri. p. 1.58. ^ L. c. p. 218. 



' Le§ons, vol. i. p. 259. ' Op. cit. p. 161. " " Splenius capitis," Stannius, I. c. p. 21. 



' L. c. p. 481, and woodcut. » Macalister, P. Z. S. 1867, p. 481. » L. e. p. 29. 



