DR. J. MUEIE ON THE ORGAJSTIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 283 



heading the semispinalis and rectus capitis posticus in the Porpoise, the former stretching 

 from the tenth dorsal spine to the atlas; the latter (a bundle derived therefrom) goes 

 to the occiput. An obliquus superior springs from the lateral atloid bony ring in 

 Glohiceps as far as the root of the transverse process, and goes to the exoccipital. Beneath 

 is another muscle from the axial process to the skull, apparently an obliquus inferior. 

 Ventrally placed to the last, with similar attachments, is what I presume to be a rectus 

 lateralis. Rectus capitis anticus minor, broader than the last, lies mesially to it, and is 

 overlain by a great rectus capitis anticus major. This latter is fastened to the basi- 

 occciput, to the ventral surface of conjoined atlas and axis, and partly cervicals beyond. 

 The short and highly tendinous longus colli is forwardly fastened to the body of the 

 axis, and, covering the posterior cervicals, goes backwards on the dorsal bodies as far 

 as opposite the fifth rib. In the Porpoise it stretches over three dorsal bodies and all 

 the cervicals ^ The great development of these muscles, in spite of shortness and coa- 

 lescence of the neck-bones in Cetacea, is an interesting fact. 



Masseter short, narrow, but thick. Origin, angle of mandible ; insertion, area below 

 the eye; its fibres have but slight downward obliquity. Above it and somewhat 

 superficial, observed by me both in Globiocejihalus and Lagenorhynchus, was another 

 muscular plane, relatively sparse in fibre, which occupied the interspace between the 

 last and the orbicularis palpebrarum. This latter, I opine, corresponds to the 

 masseter malaris externus of Professor Stannius^ in the Porpoise. He describes it 

 as springing from the malar process (Jochfortsatze), sloping forwards to the outer 

 angle of the orbit (Augenwinkel), and spreading out over fasciculi of the masseter 

 orbicularis palpebrarum. A clearly double masseter is defined in Salcenoptera^ , the 

 deeper layer arising tendinous from the margin of the glenoid cavity. 



The narrow, fleshy, and thick temporalis fills the somewhat infundibular fossa back 

 to the crescentic ridge, and has an insertion into the mandibular coronoid process as far 

 as its root. 



There is a well-developed buccinator, whose posterior moiety is thick. Its broad 

 maxillary origin is from the bony area anteriorly and inferiorly to the eye ; its narrower 

 insertion, the muscle being of an elongate triangular form, is the mandibular surface 

 opposite the hindermost teeth. 



Weak muscular fibres, representing an orbicularis oris, appear to be derived from, 

 and almost are a continuation of the upper part of the buccinator. They thus proceed 

 from the angle of the mouth and buccinator in a scattered manner, and curve forwards 

 and upwards, thence partly interweave with the strong glistening tendino-fibrous 

 material which goes to form the overhanging buccal arch or projecting upper lip, and 

 merge into the blubber-like fat and the premaxillary muscle. The single-bellied repre- 

 sentative of digastric {antea, p. 251) is little else than an inferior facial muscle. 



' Rectus anticua major bound up with the longus colli in Phoccena, according to Rapp, ?. c. p. 82, and Stannius, 

 I. c. p. 30. ' L. c. p. 4. » Carte and Macalister, /. c. p. 2:23. 



VOL. VIII. — PART IV. February, 1873. 2 s 



