284 DE. J. MinilE ON THE ORGANIZATION OF THE CAAING WHALE. 



In all the Cetaceans cut up by me I have observed well-developed and separate 

 pterygoidei. The external, flat, broad, fleshy, and of a quadrilateral shape, is fixed to 

 the outer surface of the pterygoid plate, and, with a downward and forward plane, goes 

 to the inner surface of the lower jaw, chiefly to the upper margin of the bone. The 

 internal muscle arises from the superficies of the prominent portion of the pterygo- 

 palatine, passes backwards and downwards to the mandible. Inferiorly and at its 

 posterior border the latter muscle sends ofi" tendinous fibres, which join those of the 

 articulating condylar process of the inferior maxilla. A pterygoid internus and 

 externus are described both by Eapp^ and Stannius^ in the Porpoise; but Carte and 

 Macalister'' state that in the Piked Whale no internal pterygoid was found. 



IX. Urino-geneeative Organs and Pelvic-appendage Homologues. 



1. Genitalia. — ^The kidneys, as in other Whales, are conglomerate, and lie upon the 

 great lumbo-caudal muscle. In this female the renal organ (fig. 36) upon the right side 

 measured one foot long by about six inches across at its widest, and was of a longish 

 oval figure. The left one was about an inch smaller, and rather narrower in propor- 

 tion. The lobuli vary in size and shape, characteristically tending to the hexagonal 

 form; their diameter ranges from 0-3 to 0-6 of an inch. They are further aggregated 

 together in groups of from three to a dozen in number, and, when the kidney as a 

 whole is slightly unravelled from the loosely connected but strong fibrous tissue, have 

 an appearance not unlike the acini of a bunch of grapes. Each lobule (fig. 38) is 

 composed of a thickish cortical layer and smooth tubular or medullary substance, 

 which has a single broad hilus and papillae, but no marked Malpighian pyramids^ 



As Mr. Gulliver" has remarked, " the bloodvessels enter the kidney, not near its 

 middle, but at its fore and inner or atlanto-mesial side." The renal artery has a nearly 

 straio'ht course in the longitudinal direction of the gland, and sends off' branches 

 dichotomously. The blood is returned by the veins in a similarly dichotomous 

 manner, which enter two large branches placed on each side of the artery; these 

 join into a main vessel which lies to the outer side of the artery. 



The ureters leave the kidney posterior to the entrance of the bloodvessels, and pass 

 on to the urinary bladder somewhat apart and behind the neck. The bladder is small 

 and pyriform, in this case containing a limited amount of dark coloured fcetid-smelling 

 urines The urethra, 7 inches in length and posteriorly not well defined from the neck 

 of the bladder, is adherent to the abdominal parietes of the vagina, and runs forwards 



' Op. cit. p. 85. ' L. c. p. 6. ' L. c. p. 222. 



« Turner, who made an injection, says (I. c. p. 75) that " the pyramidal substance was almost non-vasculav." 

 ' Loc. cit. p. 65 ; also noticed by Turner. 



« Turner, ibid., suggests that only " a smaD quantity of urine could collect in that organ prior to its 

 excretion." 



