312 PROFESSOR P. M. DUNCAN ON THE 



The costsE are sharp, wavy, and rarely granular. The base is small. 

 These forms were obtained in the 2nd expedition of the ' Porcupine,' in' dredgings 

 2^0. 57, and off the Mediterranean coast of Africa. 



>/ Variety /3. exserta. (Plate XLVIII. fig. 5.) 



The corallum is short, finely pedicillate, and then bulky and turbinate. 



The primary and secondary septa are very exsert. 



The costal ornamentation is like that of the type. 



The epitheca is scanty. 



From di-edgings in Cartagena Bay. 



Variety -y. horealis. (Plate XLVIII. fig. 6.) 



This is the form described by Fleming, and is very common in the North Atlantic 

 and off the north-east coast of Scotland. 



The corallum is more compressed than the type. 



The columella is larger. 



The costae are broader and more distinct, and often very granular or sharply aciculate. 



The epitheca, or a granular state of the wall, reaches some distance fi-om the base, 

 which is small and attached. 



This variety was found in the dredgings of the first expedition of the ' Porcupine,' 

 No. 88 and No. 2 ; in the dredgings of the second expedition in No. 29. The speci- 

 mens attach themselves to a Bitrupa, shells, and Echinoderm-spines. 



Variety I. smithii. (Plate XLVIII. figs. 11, 12.) 



This is the Caryopliyllia smitJii, Stokes, which is so common on the shores of the 

 extreme south-west of England. It has a broad base ; but this is the only strong 

 distinction between it and Caryophyllia claims. The gradation of a delicate peduncu- 

 lated Caryopliyllia clavus into a broad-based form with all the other specific pecu- 

 Harities, depends upon the depth of the water and the nature of the bottom ; and the 

 variety horealis gradually becomes variety smithii, both in the northern seas and in the 

 Mediterranean. 



The costse are usually very distinct, and some are prominent, and are either granular 

 or covered with sharp points. The columella varies in extent. 



The specimens were derived from dredgings off the Mediterranean coast of Africa, 

 and from the telegraph-cable at Malta, and from No. 88 and No. 2 dredgings in the 

 first expedition of the ' Porcupine.' 



^ Variety e. epithecata. (Plate XLVIII. figs. 13-16.) 



This variety is very weU marked in the numerous specimens which were dredged in 



