344 PROCEEDINGS OF THE OHIO ACADEMY. OF SCIENCE. 



but a scanty reference. Paleontology is essentially morphology 

 applied to extinct life, and is accorded no independent considera- 

 tion, although its wonderful recent achievements justify the en- 

 thusiastic affirmation of Henry Fairfield Osborn that "the com- 

 plete geological succession of the vast ancient life of the Ameri- 

 can continent was destined to demonstrate the evolution law". 

 Biometrics and explantation and so-called "experimental zoology" 

 are hardly legitimate divisions of zoological science, but rather 

 new methods of attack which have added greatly to the advance- 

 ment of zoology during our quarter century and promise even 

 greater things to come. The vitalism controversy, newly opened 

 by Driesch, would lead us too far afield. And, finally, an especial 

 apology is due to cytology for the way in which it has been dis- 

 membered and treated merely as an auxiliary to other branches 

 of- zoology, while some of its most interesting chapters, such as 

 Loeb's experiments on artificial parthenogenesis and Lillie's more 

 recent work on fertilization, are omitted for lack of time. 



Even after such radical, perhaps over-radical, limitation, the 

 field of modern zoology is still so enormous that it is a practical 

 impossibility to go back to original sources in such a survey as 

 this ; and the writer is frankly availing himself of other sum- 

 maries and of material furnished by zoological friends in special 

 lines of work other than his own. Especially to Professors Gary 

 N. Calkins, George E. Coghill, Edwin G. Conklin, C. Ross Har- 

 rison, H. S. Jennings, Francis L. Landacre, and L. L. Woodruff, 

 and to Doctors E. F. Phillips and C. W. Stiles he would here 

 express his thanks for valuable assistance and suggestion, with- 

 out, however, making them in any way responsible for any state- 

 ments of fact or opinion in the following pages. 



Without attempting an exhaustive analysis of the under- 

 lying causes of the extension of zoology, we may safely mention 

 three as having contributed in marked degree to this result. The 

 lifetime of our Academy has witnessed marked improvement in 

 technique, which has produced vigorous growth in some divi- 

 sions of zoology ; in other lines an economic and practical inter- 

 est has furnished the efficient motive force in pure as well as 

 applied science ; last, but by no means least, we find a renewed 



