396 PROCEEDINGS OF THE OHIO ACADEMY OF SCIENCE, 



each other. The existence of the wooden structure brings the 

 mounds of Ohio into an apparent connection with mounds found 

 in Sweden, southern Russia, the Crimea, and Central Asia, where 

 the burials were first inclosed by stone structures and the whole 

 covered with a mound of earth. 



The extensive commerce indicated by the relics found in the 

 Harness Mound had, however, been brought to light by Profes- 

 sor Putnam's discoveries in the Turner group of mounds and 

 especially by Mr. Moorehead's investigations of the Hopewell 

 group. Among the discoveries of Mr. Moorehead was a cache 

 of 8,185 flint discs, each weighing on an average a pound. These 

 had been brought from the southern part of Indiana and Illinois 

 and had been only roughly trimmed in the quarry and were 

 waiting in this Ohio mound a convenient opportunity to make 

 them up into perfect implements. The removal of four tons 

 of raw material from distant quarries to a populous center of 

 trade and manufacture in central Ohio presents a vivid picture 

 of the activities of the prehistoric inhabitants of the State. For 

 this heavy load was not brought upon iron rails, or even in 

 primitive carts, but upon the backs of toiling men and women, 

 animated by a highly cherished purpose. 



The explorations during this past summer of the mound 

 near Portsmouth has been specially productive of results. In 

 the first place it has dissipated the conjecture that it was an efiigy 

 mound representing an elephant or a turtle. On the contrary 

 it was found to be surrounded by a series of pestholes such as 

 occurred in the Harness Mound, indicating the existence of a 

 long narrow wooden structure, 250 feet long by 50 feet wide. 

 On clearing off the debris from one end of the area there were 

 brought to light various crematories on which the bodies of the 

 dead had been burned. A little farther along were sunken recep- 

 tacles in which the ashes and crumbled bones from these crema- 

 tories had been deposited. But as yet there were no other relics. 

 On clearing off the area a little farther, however, a cache of 

 relics was found exceeding in interest anything else that had 

 been anywhere discovered. At one swoop we were able to find 

 duplicates of all the animal pipes which Squier and Davis had 



