400 PROCEEDINGS OF TtlE OHIO ACADEMY OF SCIENCE. 



port facts. In answer to these objections it would seem suf- 

 ficient to call attention to the high character of all these wit- 

 nesses. Dr. Metz was for a long period Professor Putnam's 

 main dependence in exploring the earthworks in the vicinity of 

 Madisonville, and no more careful observer could anywhere be 

 found. Of Dr. Mills I need say no more than that in his long 

 connection with the work of our society he has established a 

 reputation for carefulness of exploration and accuracy of de- 

 scription second to no other investigator in America or indeed 

 in the world. Mr. Sam Huston Avas the highly educated county 

 surveyor of Jefferson County and a well-known geological col- 

 lector of highest reputation. Altogether it would be difficult to 

 find three witnesses more competent to observe and report the 

 facts attested by them. 



Furthermore, the implements speak largely for themselves 

 and are open for examination to any one who takes pains to 

 visit the museums which have them in their possession. The 

 implements discovered by Dr. Metz are in the Peabody Museum 

 at Cambridge, the Newcomerstown implement discovered by Dr. 

 Mills is in the museum of the Western Reserve Historical Society 

 of Cleveland, and the implement discovered by Mr. Huston is 

 in the Museum of the Ohio State Archaeological and Historical 

 Society. The late Professor N. H. Winchell, who had made 

 special studies upon the patina which had accumulated upon 

 flint implements of various ages made a careful examination of 

 the Newcomerstown implement in Cleveland and pronounced 

 himself as perfectly satisfied with the age that was assigned to 

 it by its connection with the Glacial period. Furthermore it 

 should be said that all doubts about the presence of man in the 

 Delaware Valley during the closing stages of the Glacial period 

 have been settled by Mr. Ernest Volk's discovery in 1899 o^ ^ 

 human femur twenty feet below the surface of the glacial terrace 

 at Trenton, beneath a thick deposit of crossbedded coarse gravel. 



The stage of culture indicated by these discoveries of hu- 

 man relics in glacial deposits of America, is, so far as we can 

 see, the same as that attained by palaeolithic man in Europe, and 

 is primitive in the extreme. As in Europe so in America, glacial 



