MAN'S ZOOGENETiC LINEAGE. 135 



tumultuous and convulsional epoch of geological phenomena, between what is 

 called Paleozoic and Mesozoic time. Its fossils are few, and it is therefore, call- 

 ed a "lost record" period of Prof. LeConte and others. The precursors of the 

 Dinosauria or great biped reptiles, belong to this period ; and it is specially 

 noteworthy that the Cheirotherium, or "hand-beast" is nrst found here, for 

 this is the first appearance on the earth of any form of anatomical structure 

 which became ultimately a distinctive characteristic of Man and his zoologi- 

 cal congeners; and this fact is certainly favorable to the supposed line of Man's 

 evolution which I am now tracing through. It is from this stage that Prof. 

 Haeckel thinks branched off the whole race of true reptiles — or the progress 

 from spawners to egg-layers, (like turdes, alligators, etc.) and from this latter 

 class ultimately came the birds, as shown by the researches and discoveries of 

 Huxley, Marsh, Cope, and others. 



But the anthropogenetic line moved on into its sixteenth stage, the Fromam- 

 maltJ, or primordial mammal type, which is now represented by a class of anoma- 

 lous animals called monotremata, with a combination of bird, reptile and mammal 

 features in their anatomical structure, and of which the Ornithorhyncus and Echidna 

 are the only living examples. And from this class or type the line of progress 

 passed into its seventeenth stage, or the Marsupialia, representing a still nearer 

 approach toward the true mammal. It is interesting to note here that some of 

 the Dinosaurs (biped reptiles) were marsupial in their maternal characteristics. 

 From this stage branched off one form of placental structure and habit called In 

 deciduata, or the placenta not falling off, and this divergence ultimated in the ce- 

 tacean, the edentate and the ungulate families; while another branch called Zono- 

 placentalia ultimated in the carnivorous class, such as wolves, hyaenas and dogs, 

 besides cats, tigers and lions, and the great family of pinnipeda or seals. But 

 another line called Deciduata — that is, the placenta ripening and falling away at 

 parturition — continued on toward Man. 



The next stage, eighteenth, is called Frosimice, or primordial ape-like animal. 

 It is most nearly represented now by the lemurs ; and from this stage branched 

 off lines leading to the rodents, the bats and the insectivorous mammals, all of 

 which have a discoid attachment of the placenta and also the ripening and drop- 

 ping away of the placenta, the same as in Man. 



The nineteenth stage is Brachytarsi, or short-footed ; the Macrotarsi or long- 

 footed type having branched off into the insectivora. like ant-eaters, armadillos, 

 etc. The twentieth stage is Anthropoidii, or the man-precursor type of anatomical 

 structure and physiological function ; and from this stage, and partly also from the 

 one below it, branched off the line which ultimated in the true Simice or anthropoid 

 apes — the gibbon, the orang, the chimpanzee, and the gorilla. HaecKel dissents 

 from Darwin and Huxley's theory that man is derived from the apes. He shows 

 physiological and embryological reasons why that cannot be the line of Man's 

 evolution — but that the SimiadcE or ape type branched off, specialized, culminated 

 in the modern great apes, and could develop no further ; hence they are a closed 

 type, and will remain at their present status until they become extinct, while the 



